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Ebine N Rafamantanantsoa HH Nayuki Y Yamanaka K Tashima K Ono T Saitoh S Jones PJ 《Journal of sports sciences》2002,20(5):391-397
To determine the daily energy requirements of professional soccer players during a competitive season, we measured total energy expenditure in seven players (age 22.1+/-1.9 years, height 1.75+/-0.05 m, mass 69.8+/-4.7 kg; mean +/- s) using the doubly labelled water method. Energy intake was simultaneously estimated from 7 day self-report dietary records. Mean total energy expenditure and energy intake were 14.8+/-1.7 MJ x day(-1) (3532+/-408 kcal x day(-1)) and 13.0+/-2.4 MJ x day(-1) (3113+/-581 kcal x day(-1)), respectively. Although there was a significant difference between total energy expenditure and energy intake (P < 0.01), there was a strong relationship between the two (r= 0.893, P< 0.01). Basal metabolic rate and recommended energy allowance calculated from the Recommended Dietary Allowances for the Japanese were 7.0+/-0.3 MJ x day(-1) (1683+/-81 kcal x day(-1)) and 15.6+/-0.8 MJ x day(-1) (3739+/-180 kcal x day(-1)), respectively. A physical activity level (total energy expenditure/ basal metabolic rate) of 2.11+/-0.30 indicated that, during the competitive season, professional soccer players undertake much routine physical activity, similar to that of competitive athletes during moderate training. Energy intake estimated using dietary records was under-reported, suggesting that its calculation from these data does not predict energy expenditure in soccer players. 相似文献
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F. Ishu Ishiyama Akio Kitayama 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1994,17(3):167-182
Overwork and workaholism among Japanese corporate workers and related psychosocial issues are explored. Ishiyama's (1989) model of self-validation is used as a conceptual framework. The Japanese culture and the corporate structure are treated as the context in which social pressure for overwork and obsessive work-preoccupation are espoused. The authors examine the nature and consequences of overwork and career-centered self-validation, in terms of family, marital, and existential issues, as well as stress andkaroshi (death by overwork). Implications to counselling and social and systemic change are discussed. 相似文献
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Yusuke BOTA Hajime MIZUYAMA Akio NODA Tatsuya NAGATANI Ken-ichi TANAKA 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2010,11(12):986-991
An assembly robot needs to be capable of executing an assembly task robustly under various uncertainties.To attain this goal,we use a task sequence tree model originally proposed for manual assembly.This model regards an assembly task under uncertainties as a transformation of the contact state concept.The concept may contain several contact states with probabilities but these are transformed through a series of task elements into the contact state concept having only the goal state at the end.The transformed contact state concept can be classified according to the terminal condition of each task element.Thus,the whole assembly task can be designed as a tree-shaped contingent strategy called a task sequence tree.This paper proposes a systematic approach for reconfiguring a task sequence tree model for application to a robotic assembly task.In addition,by taking a 2D peg-in-hole insertion task to be performed by a robot equipped with a force sensor as an example,we confirm that the proposed approach can provide a robust motion strategy for the task and that the robot can actually execute the task robustly under bounded uncertainty according to the strategy. 相似文献
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Object location memory has been considered the only spatial ability in which females display an advantage over males. We examined sex differences in long-term object location memory. After participants studied an array of objects, they were asked to recall the locations of these objects three minutes later or one week later. Results showed a female advantage only in the three-minute memory task. Additionally, we analyzed sex differences in the ability to recognize both location-exchanged and location-maintained objects. Females were superior to males at recognizing location-exchanged objects after three minutes, but not after one week. Although the one-week group's memory performance for location-exchanged objects was marginally lower, some members of that group recognized the location-maintained objects at higher levels of performance. Therefore, we concluded that the female advantage in object location memory is limited to immediate detection of changes. The relevant evolutionary theories are discussed. 相似文献
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Akio Inui 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》1993,14(3):301-313
The serious problem in Japanese education today is the excess of competition. Although that helps the high standard of Japanese education, it also brings about many difficulties for young people. The competition in the school system is, in general, closely related to the competition in society as a whole, especially in the labour market. The structure of the labour market has a strong influence on competition in the school. For example, the British segmented labour market divides the competition by occupation, and it helps the diversified structure of post‐compulsory education/training. Meanwhile, in the Japanese labour market, which is characterised by Japanese‐style employment, the competition is little divided by occupation, and this helps the unitary structure of competition in the school. Comparing Japan and Britain, this paper will examine the structural causes of the competition in the school system. 相似文献