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1.
David Kaldewey 《Minerva》2018,56(2):161-182
This article analyzes the concept of “grand challenges” as part of a shift in how scientists and policymakers frame and communicate their respective agendas. The history of the grand challenges discourse helps to understand how identity work in science and science policy has been transformed in recent decades. Furthermore, the question is raised whether this discourse is only an indicator, or also a factor in this transformation. Building on conceptual history and historical semantics, the two parts of the article reconstruct two discursive shifts. First, the observation that in scientific communication references to “problems” are increasingly substituted by references to “challenges” indicates a broader cultural trend of how attitudes towards what is problematic have shifted in the last decades. Second, as the grand challenges discourse is rooted in the sphere of sports and competition, it introduces a specific new set of societal values and practices into the spheres of science and technology. The article concludes that this process can be characterized as the sportification of science, which contributes to self-mobilization and, ultimately, to self-optimization of the participating scientists, engineers, and policymakers. 相似文献
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Anthony J. Sadar 《Science & Education》2018,27(1-2):233-235
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Tyler J. Stidwill Rene Albert Turcotte Phil Dixon David J. Pearsall 《Sports Engineering》2009,12(2):63-68
The purpose of this study was to develop a portable force measurement system for ice hockey skating. The system consisted
of three strain gauge pairs affixed to an ice hockey skate’s blade holder with wire leads connected to a microprocessor controlled
data acquisition device carried in a backpack worn by the skater. The configuration of the strain gauges simultaneously determined
the vertical and medial–lateral force components experienced by the blade holder with a resolution accuracy of 1.9 N and a
coefficient of variation of 9.2%. On-ice testing of this system with subjects performing forward start, acceleration, and
constant velocity skating permitted unencumbered, natural movement and demonstrated clear, unambiguous signal responses, high
trial-to-trial repeatability, and easy data retrieval. The practicality and accuracy of this testing approach have many applications,
such as a quantitative tool for skating force assessment to aid athletes and coaches, as well as providing the means to examine
other skill-specific dynamics. 相似文献
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