Evaluation of microsatellite instability in tumors of central nervous system: A pilot study     

Minal Vaish  Raj Kumar  R. D. Mittal  Balraj Mittal 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2004,19(2):156-162

Microsatellite instability (MSI) characterized by alterations at simple repetitive genomic sequences is a distinct mechanism in tumorogenesis. Central nervous system (CNS) tumors have been reported to exhibit MSI, indicator of defective mismatch repair system with controversies. The present study was undertaken to examine sixteen primary brain and two spinal tumors for MSI at six mono: BAT-26, BAT-40, BAX, TGFßRII, IGFIIR and hMSH3 and four dinucleotide loci: D2S123, D9S1851, D9S283 and D18S58. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done to amplify tumour and blood DNA, analyzed on 8% denaturing Polyacrylamide gel followed by autoradiography. Out of 18 CNS tumors examined, 39% exhibited MSI at BAT-26, BAT-40, D9S1851, D9S283 and D18S58 in tumoral DNA. However, no alteration was observed at BAX, TGFßRII, IGFIIR, hMSH3 and D2S123 loci. Low incidence of MS1-high hypothesizes role of MSI in evolution of CNS tumors but not in cancer initiation or progression.  相似文献   

Young children selectively avoid helping people with harmful intentions     

Vaish A  Carpenter M  Tomasello M 《Child development》2010,81(6):1661-1669

Two studies investigated whether young children are selectively prosocial toward others, based on the others' moral behaviors. In Study 1 (N = 54), 3-year-olds watched 1 adult (the actor) harming or helping another adult. Children subsequently helped the harmful actor less often than a third (previously neutral) adult, but helped the helpful and neutral adults equally often. In Study 2 (N = 36), 3-year-olds helped an actor who intended but failed to harm another adult less often than a neutral adult, but helped an accidentally harmful and a neutral adult equally often. Children's prosocial behavior was thus mediated by the intentions behind the actor's moral behavior, irrespective of outcome. Children thus selectively avoid helping those who cause--or even intend to cause--others harm.  相似文献   

Whole language versus code-based skills and interactional patterns in Singapore’s early literacy program     

Viniti Vaish 《Cambridge Journal of Education》2014,44(2):199-215

This paper analyzes whole language and code-based skills approaches in early literacy and the specific patterns of interaction present in both approaches. Nineteen hours of video data were coded to analyze the nature of whole language versus code-based skills instruction and document the allocation of time spent on each approach in a reading program. Data come from a cross-sectional study in Singapore where the Learning Support Program (LSP), a reading program for low-track students, was studied in five schools. Overall, 73% of class time in the dataset showed code-based skills instruction. However, the approach to instruction changed within the LSP in a linear fashion. Though in the early years of the LSP there was an over-emphasis on code-based skills and lack of variety in patterns of interaction, in later years there was a balance between whole language and code-based skills and a wider variety of interactional patterns.  相似文献   

Children's Intrinsic Motivation to Provide Help Themselves After Accidentally Harming Others          下载免费PDF全文

Robert Hepach  Amrisha Vaish  Michael Tomasello 《Child development》2017,88(4):1251-1264

Little is known about the flexibility of children's prosocial motivation. Here, 2‐ and 3‐year‐old children's (n = 128) internal arousal, as measured via changes in pupil dilation, was increased after they accidentally harmed a victim but were unable to repair the harm. If they were able to repair (or if they themselves did not cause the harm and the help was provided by someone else) their arousal subsided. This suggests that children are especially motivated to help those whom they have harmed, perhaps out of a sense of guilt and a desire to reconcile with them. Young children care not only about the well‐being of others but also about the relationship they have with those who depend on their help.  相似文献   

The Emergence of Forgiveness in Young Children     

Janine Oostenbroek  Amrisha Vaish 《Child development》2019,90(6):1969-1986

Humans depend greatly on our cooperative relationships. Thus, when our relationships are damaged by transgressions, they need to be repaired. Such repair requires that the transgressor show remorse and the victim forgive. Previous research demonstrates that as transgressors, young children show remorse and attempt to repair the harm they caused. However, it remains unclear when children, as victims, forgive remorseful transgressors. In Study 1, 5-, but not 4-year-olds, (n = 20 each) were more forgiving of a remorseful transgressor (who did not explicitly apologize) than an unremorseful transgressor. In Study 2, 4-year-olds (n = 20) were more forgiving of an apologetic than unapologetic transgressor. Thus, from early in ontogeny, humans are motivated to repair damaged relationships and thus uphold cooperation.  相似文献   

Wireless laptops in English classrooms: a SWOT analysis from Singapore     

Phillip A. Towndrow  Viniti Vaish 《Educational Media International》2013,50(3):207-221

This paper presents illustrative findings from a one‐year pilot study undertaken in the English department of a high school in Singapore that was in the first year of implementing a one‐to‐one wireless laptop programme. The findings show that learning was often constrained by lecture‐style presentations and overt test preparation. Despite widespread access, the students rarely explored new media as alternative sources of legitimate knowledge and missed opportunities to investigate mobile technologies as sites for meaning‐making and knowledge construction. The paper concludes with a call for teachers to design language learning and assessment tasks that embrace a wider set of twenty‐first century skills, knowledge and dispositions.

Radiolaptops in englischen Klassenzimmern: eine SWOT‐Analyse aus Singapur

Dieses Papier präsentiert beispielhafte Ergebnisse einer einjährigen Pilotstudie, die in der englischen Abteilung einer Höheren Schule in Singapur im ersten Jahr der Einführung eines drahtlosen Laptop‐Programms durchgeführt worden ist. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Lernen häufig durch vorlesungsartige Präsentationen und offenkundige Test‐Vorbereitung behindert wurde. Trotz des breit‐möglichen Zugangs erforschten die Studenten selten neue Medien als alternative Quellen legitimer Kenntnisse und verpassten so Gelegenheiten, bewegliche Technologien als Mittel für bedeutsames und kenntnissbildendes Lernen zu untersuchen. Das Papier schließt mit einem Aufruf an Lehrer, für das Fremdsprachenlernen aktuelle und den heutigen technischen Möglichkeiten angemessene Beispiele zu entwickeln.

Les ordinateurs portables sans fils dans les classes d’anglais: une analyse SWOT (forces et faiblesses) à Singapour

Cet article présente les résultats significatifs d’une étude expérimentale d’un an lancée dans le département d’anglais d’un lycée de Singapour qui se trouvait dans la première année de mise en place d’une programme d’ordinateurs portables sans fil individuels. Ces résultats montrent que l’apprentissage était souvent gêné par des présentations en forme de cours magistral et un bachotage avoué en vue de l’examen. En dépit de la grande facilité d’accès, les élèves ont rarement exploré les nouveaux medias comme autant de sources nouvelles d’un savoir authentique et ils n’ont pas saisi l’occasion d’étudier si les nouvelles technologies pouvaient être des lieux de production de sens et de construction du savoir. L’article se termine sur un appel aux professeurs pour qu’ils conçoivent des tâches d’apprentissage et d’évaluation de la langue qui couvriraient un éventail plus large de compétences, de connaissances et d’attitudes propres au 21^e siècle.

Los ordenadores portatiles inalámbricos en aulas de inglés: un analísis SWOT (puntos fuertes y debilidades) en Singapur

Este artículo presenta unos resultados ilustrativos de un estudio piloto de un año llevado a cabo en el departamento de inglés de un colegio de Singapur que se encontraba en el primero año de la aplicación de un programa de ordenadores individuales inalámbricos. Esos resultados muestran que el aprendizaje fué frecuentemente dificultado por presentaciones de tipo «lección magistral» y preparaciones dirigidas solamente a los examenes. Aunque el acceso era muy fácil, los alumnos han poco explorado las posibilidades de los nuevos medios como fuentes alternativas de conocimientos legítimos y no consiguieron aprovechar oportunidades de examinar el potencial de las tecnologías móviles como lugares de producción de sentido y de construcción de conocimiento. La conclusión del artículo contiene un llamamiento a los profesores para el diseño de tareas de aprendizaje de idiomas y de evaluación que abarquen una gama más amplia de competencias, conocimientos y aptitudes del siglo 21.  相似文献