The present study outlines a specific three‐level hierarchy of the cognitive system, in particular the relationship between cognitive and metacognitive processes in mathematics. The emphasis is on the impact of processing efficiency and working memory ability on the development of self‐representation and mathematical performance. We developed and used instruments measuring pupils' self‐representation, mathematical performance, working memory, and information processing and administered them to 126 pupils (8–11 years old) three times, with breaks of three to four months between testing. Results indicated that the development of each of the abilities was affected by the state of the others. In particular, processing efficiency had a coordinator role on the growth of mathematical performance, while self‐image, as a specific dimension of self‐representation, depended mainly on previous working memory ability. 相似文献
Educational reform attempts in Greece have been increased during the past decades, but research has shown negative change and innovation introduction and implementation results [Spiropoulou, Dimitra, Agapi Varvouraki, Chrisoula Koutra, Louka Eleni, and Mpouras Sarantos. 2007. “Innovation Programs in Education.” Review of Educational Matters 13: 69–83; OECD. 2011. Education Policy Advice for Greece. Strong Performers and Successful Reformers in Education. OECD Publishing. doi:10.1787/9789264119581-en; Kiriakodi, Despoina, and Athanasios Tzimoyiannis. 2015. “Educational Innovations in Primary Education. A Study of the Awarded Work of the Action ‘Institution of Excellence and Promotion of Good Practices’.” Issues of Science and Technology in Education 8 (3): 123–151]. The present article discusses those elements of school culture that impede educational change or can serve as resources for its more meaningful and effective implementation, as they are investigated with the use of a quantitative questionnaire. The findings from the responses of the participants, teachers (n?=?385) and headteachers (n?=?31), point to the need for an integration of the families in the educational processes, for a shift to the development of skills rather than mere academic achievement and for enhanced cooperation within the school environment. The role of the headteacher is recognised as an element that can improve the reform implementation results. Further qualitative research is suggested. 相似文献
The present study explores students’ abilities in conversions between geometric and algebraic representations, in problem-
solving situations involving the concept of “limit” and the interrelation of these abilities with students’ constructed understanding
of this concept. An attempt is also made to examine the impact of the “didactic contract” on students’ performance through
the processes they employ in tackling specific tasks on the concept of limit. Data were collected from 222 12th-grade high
school students in Greece. The results indicated that students who had constructed a conceptual understanding of limit were
the ones most probable to accomplish the conversions of limits from the algebraic to the geometric representations and the
reverse. The findings revealed the compartmentalized way of students’ thinking in non-routine problems by means of their performance
in simpler conversion tasks. Students who did not perform under the conditions of the didactic contract were found to be more
consistent in their responses for various conversion tasks and complex problems on limits, compared to students who, as a
consequence of the didactic contract, used only algorithmic processes. 相似文献
In a previous article of the same journal, we have discussed the interrelations of students’ beliefs and self‐efficacy beliefs for the use of representations and their respective cognitive performance on the learning of fraction addition. In the present paper, we confirm a similar structure of cognitive and affective factors on using representations for the concept of decimals and mainly we discuss the various interrelations among those factors. Data were collected from 1701 students in Grades 5–8 (11–14‐years‐old). Results revealed that multiple‐representation flexibility, ability on solving problems with various modes of representation, beliefs about the use of representations and self‐efficacy beliefs about using them constructed an integrated model with strong interrelations that has differences and similarities with the respective model concerning the concept of fractions. 相似文献
ABSTRACTSpiritual leadership gains attention amongst researchers for closing the gap between achieving personal and organisational goals. Despite documentations that spirituality undergirds head teacher’s actions leading inclusive schools, research still remains thin in understanding how spirituality underpins leadership for inclusive education. This paper draws on the philosophy of critical realism to offer a conceptual tool that identifies head teachers’ spiritual actions in their efforts to include ethnic minority students. This is done through multiple qualitative methods collection from an in-depth case study at a multicultural primary school in Cyprus. The critical realist framework helps uncover head teacher’s spiritual actions in a more systematic, structured and holistic way. It reveals that head teachers’ spirituality supports the goals of inclusion and occurs in at least four interrelated and emergent ontological levels (psychological, social, cultural and policy levels) which are set in four scaler levels from microscopic to macroscopic (sub-individual, micro, meso and macro levels). This framework problematises mono-dimensional and reductionist understandings of spirituality in leadership. The paper concludes by suggesting solutions to enrich leadership programmes for inclusive education with fostering leaders’ spirituality at different ontological levels. 相似文献
Cognitive development of any concept is related with affective development. The present study investigates students’ beliefs about the use of different types of representation in understanding the concept of fractions and their self‐efficacy beliefs about their ability to transfer information between different types of representation, in relation to their performance on understanding the concept. Data were collected from 1701 students in Grade Five to Grade Eight. Results revealed that multiple‐representation flexibility, ability on solving problems with various modes of representation, beliefs about the use of representations and self‐efficacy beliefs about using them constructed an integrated model with strong interrelations in the different educational levels. Confirmatory factor analysis affirmed the existence of differential effects of multiple‐representation flexibility and problem‐solving ability in respect to cognitive performance and the existence of general beliefs and self‐efficacy beliefs about the use and the role of representations. Results suggested the invariance of this structure across primary (Grades Five and Six) and secondary education (Grades Seven and Eight). However, there are interesting differences concerning the interrelations among those cognitive and affective factors between primary and secondary education. 相似文献
This article aims to supplement the literature on the role of school context with regards to the disempowerment of teachers in their work with poor ethnic minority students. We use a critical realist framework to analyse the empirical data collected for an in-depth school case study and we suggest the existence of real, interrelated, emergent and localised disempowering contextual factors. 相似文献
The aim of this study was to propose and validate a structural model in fraction and decimal number addition, which is founded primarily on a synthesis of major theoretical approaches in the field of representations in Mathematics and also on previous research on the learning of fractions and decimals. The study was conducted among 1701 primary and secondary school students. Eight components, which all involve representational transformations, were encompassed under the construct of representational flexibility in fraction and decimal number addition. This structure reveals that, for both concepts, the representational transformation competences of recognition and conversion, and therefore representational flexibility as well, were affected by the complexity of the concepts involved and the direction of the conversion, respectively. Results also showed that two first-order factors were needed to explain the problem-solving ability in fraction and decimal number addition, indicating the differential effect of the modes of representation that is diagrammatic and verbal form on problem-solving ability irrespective of the concepts involved, as in the case of the conversions. Representational flexibility and problem-solving ability were found to be major components of students’ representational thinking of fraction and decimal number addition. The proposed framework was invariant across the primary and secondary school students. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Scholars and teacher educators alike agree that teachers’ beliefs and attitudes toward mathematics are key informants of teachers’
instructional approaches. Therefore, it has become clear that, in addition to enriching preservice teachers’ (PSTs) knowledge,
teacher education programs should also create opportunities for prospective teachers to develop productive beliefs and attitudes
toward teaching and learning mathematics. This study explored the effectiveness of a mathematics preparatory program based
on the history of mathematics that aimed at enhancing PSTs’ epistemological and efficacy beliefs and their attitudes toward
mathematics. Using data from a questionnaire administered four times, the study traced the development of 94 PSTs’ beliefs
and attitudes over a period of 2 years. The analysis of these data showed changes in certain dimensions of the PSTs’ beliefs
and attitudes; however, other dimensions were found to change in the opposite direction to that expected. Differences were
also found in the development of the PSTs’ beliefs and attitudes according to their mathematical background. The data yielded
from semi-structured follow-up interviews conducted with a convenience sample of PSTs largely corroborated the quantitative
data and helped explain some of these changes. We discuss the effectiveness of the program considered herein and draw implications
for the design of teacher education programs grounded in the history of mathematics.