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Fanny Dégeilh Bérengère Guillery‐Girard Jacques Dayan Malo Gaubert Gaël Chételat Pierre‐Jean Egler Jean‐Marc Baleyte Francis Eustache Armelle Viard 《Child development》2015,86(6):1966-1983
Adolescence is marked by the development of personal identity and is associated with structural and functional changes in brain regions associated with Self processing. Yet, little is known about the neural correlates of self‐reference processing and self‐reference effect in adolescents. This functional magnetic resonance imaging study consists of a self‐reference paradigm followed by a recognition test proposed to 30 healthy adolescents aged 13–18 years old. Results showed that the rostral anterior cingulate cortex is specifically involved in self‐reference processing and that this specialization develops gradually from 13 to 18 years old. The self‐reference effect is associated with increased brain activation changes during encoding, suggesting that the beneficial effect of Self on memory may occur at encoding of self‐referential information, rather than at retrieval. 相似文献
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While students' difficulties concerning the concepts of voltage and intensity have been investigated by many science education researchers, difficulties related to the concept of electrical resistance and circuit are less known. Some researchers in science education even state that students have no preconception about this concept before being taught. Our observations are in disagreement with this assumption. In the first section of this paper the main basic features of the difficulties of students confronted with the concept of electrical resistance are investigated. In the second section we discuss the nature of the electrical resistance concept in the light of Cassirer philosophy while in the third section we give an analysis of this concept going back to its origins in the nineteenth century. Finally, an analysis of the way this concept is taught in French high schools is presented and the first results of a experimentation using an alternative teaching strategy are briefly reported.c 相似文献
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Abstract This article aims to study the design and the organization of auditing systems to develop environmental or quality assurance schemes at the farm level and the role that extension services could play in these processes. It starts by discussing the issue of combining auditing and advisory activities and developing auditing competences. Empirical data is based on a case study conducted in northern France with Chambers of Agriculture including: a) the study of the organizational design set up for the auditing system in order to guarantee its credibility and reliability; b) the analysis of audit training sessions delivered to agricultural advisers. Our results provide a formalization of what can be an audit work and the independence of the auditor. It is argued that the interpretation of independence and the management of the human resources and their competencies determine how extension services get involved in quality assurance systems at the farm level. 相似文献
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Cindy Chateignier Marion Dutrévis Armelle Nugier Peggy Chekroun 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2009,24(2):219-234
Stigmatized group membership leads to deleterious consequences for individuals. More specifically, according to stereotype
threat literature, the awareness of negative intellectual stereotypes can impair stereotyped group members’ performance. Based
on this framework, two studies were designed to explain the lower grades obtained by French-Arab students, compared to French
students. An Implicit Association Test (Study 1) revealed that native French students automatically expressed a negative stereotype
regarding French-Arab students’ intellectual abilities. The second study (Study 2) examined whether this negative stereotype
could alter French-Arab students’ intellectual performance in a threatening context. As expected, French-Arab students underperformed
when the verbal task was presented as a measure of intellectual ability, compared to French students. When the task was presented
as non-diagnostic, their performance equaled that of French students. The discussion herein addressed implications of these
results in terms of discrimination against the French-Arab population. 相似文献
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