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We examined the preferred mode of arm coordination in 14 elite male front-crawl swimmers. Each swimmer performed eight successive swim trials in which target velocity increased from the swimmer's usual 3000-m velocity to his maximal velocity. Actual swim velocity, stroke rate, stroke length and the different arm stroke phases were then calculated from video analysis. Arm coordination was quantified by an index of coordination based on the lag time between the propulsive phases of each arm. The index expressed the three coordination modes in the front crawl: opposition, catch-up and superposition. First, in line with the dynamic approach to movement coordination, the index of coordination could be considered as an order parameter that qualitatively captured arm coordination. Second, two coordination modes were observed: a catch-up pattern (index of coordination?=??8.43%) consisting of a lag time between the propulsive phases of each arm, and a relative opposition pattern (index of coordination?=?0.89%) in which the propulsive phase of one arm ended when the propulsive phase of the other arm began. An abrupt change in the coordination pattern occurred at the critical velocity of 1.8?m?·?s?1, which corresponded to the 100-m pace: the swimmers switched from catch-up to relative opposition. This change in coordination resulted in a reorganization of the arm phases: the duration of the entry and catch phase decreased, while the duration of the pull and push phases increased in relation to the whole stroke. Third, these changes were coupled to increased stroke rate and decreased stroke length, indicating that stroke rate, stroke length, the stroke rate/stroke length ratio, as well as velocity, could be considered as control parameters. The control parameters can be manipulated to facilitate the emergence of specific coordination modes, which is highly relevant to training and learning. By adjusting the control and order parameters within the context of a specific race distance, both coach and swimmer will be able to detect the best adapted pattern for a given race pace and follow how arm coordination changes over the course of training. 相似文献
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Marcy Reisetter James S. Korcuska Melinda Yexley Deborah Bonds Holly Nikels William McHenry 《Counselor Education & Supervision》2004,44(1):2-16
The lack of enthusiastic research activity among counseling professionals has been a subject of professional concern for the last 2 decades. Many graduates of counselor education programs are not connected to academic research and do not establish a research identity. Qualitative research methods have the potential for creating this connection for some students. To increase understanding of the nature and potential usefulness of this paradigm for increasing counselors' connection to academic research, the authors conducted a phenomenological study to investigate the experiences of counselor education doctoral students as they encountered qualitative research. Students' positive responses were summarized as they reflected 4 themes: worldview congruence, theory and skills congruence, research identity and professional viability, and holistic nature of perceptions and experiences. 相似文献
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E. Leigh Bonds 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(3):244-250
AbstractA key component of the Digital Humanities Librarian’s work, the consultation, involves the skills of listening, questioning, parsing, and planning aided by an understanding of the broader digital humanities landscape, project requirements, and the campus environment. Productive consultations provide researchers the direction they need to get their projects started or advanced to the next stage, often resulting in sustained, collaborative engagement that makes assessing the impact of this work challenging. 相似文献
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Mary S. Costanza Leslie Fiedler Karen Ann Marling Sam B. Girgus Frank F. Mathias Ray Bonds 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(3):36-37
WAITING FOR PRIME TIME: THE WOMEN OF TELEVISION NEWS by Marlene Sanders and Marcia Rock (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988—$19.95, ISBN 0-252-01435-9) FAIR PLAY: CBS, GENERAL WESTMORELAND, AND HOW A TELEVISION DOCUMENTARY WENT WRONG by Burton Benjamin (New York: Harper &; Row, 1988—$17.95, ISBN 0-06-015928-6) BEHIND THE FRONT PAGE: A CANDID LOOK AT HOW THE NEWS IS MADE by David S. Broder (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987—$8.95, paper, ISBN 0-671-65721-6) BAD TIDINGS: COMMUNICATION AND CATASTROPHE edited by Lynne Masel Walters, Lee Wilkins, and Tim Walters ((Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1989—price not given, ISBN 0-89859-951-2) MEDIA, MYTHS AND NARRATIVES: TELEVISION AND THE PRESS edited by James W. Carey (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1988—$35.00/16.95, ISBN 0-8039-3049-6, paper) PREDICTIONS OF PUBLIC OPINION FROM THE MASS MEDIA: COMPUTER CONTENT ANALYSIS AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING by David P. Fan (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1988—$42.95, ISBN 0-313-26296-9) JOURNALISTS AT WAR: THE DYNAMICS OF NEWS REPORTING DURING THE FALKLAND'S CONFLICT by David E. Morrison and Howard Tumber (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1988—$49.95/18.95, ISBN 0-8039-8057-4, hard 0-8039-8058-2, soft) NEWS COVERAGE OF THE SANDINISTA REVOLUTION by Joshua Muravchik (American Enterprise Institute, 4720 Boston Way, Lanham, MD 20706—$19.95/9.95, ISBN 0-8447-3661-9 hard, and 0-8447-3662-7, soft) IMAGE WARS: PROTECTING YOUR COMPANY WHEN THERE'S NO PLACE TO HIDE by Stan Sauerhaft and Chris Atkins (New York: John Wiley, 1989—$22.95, ISBN O471-60936-6) THE IQ CONTROVERSY: THE MEDIA AND THE PUBLIC by Mark Snyderman and Stanley Rothman (Rutgers, NJ: Transaction Books, 1988—$24.95, ISBN 0-88738-151-0) NEWS AS HEGEMONIC REALITY: AMERICAN POLITICAL CULTURE AND THE FRAMING OF NEWS ACCOUNTS by Allan Rachlin (New York: Praeger, 1988—$37.95, ISBN 0-275-92534-X) BEYOND MALICE: THE MEDIA'S YEARS OF RECKONING by Richard M. Clurman (Transaction Books, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903—$24.95, ISBN 0-88738-234-7) MASS MEDIA, CIVIC ORGANIZATIONS AND STREET GOSSIP: HOW COMMUNICATION AFFECTS THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN AN URBAN NEIGHBORHOOD by W. Phillips Davison (New York: Gannett Center for Media Studies, Columbia University, 1988—price not given, paper, ISBN not provided) NEWS AND NUMBERS: A GUIDE TO REPORTING STATISTICAL CLAIMS AND CONTROVERSIES IN HEALTH AND OTHER FIELDS by Victor Cohn (Iowa State University Press, 2121 South State Ave., Ames, Iowa 50010—$17.95, ISBN 0-8138-1442-1) 相似文献
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Bonds BG 《American annals of the deaf》2003,148(1):38-48
Because workers must be prepared to constantly update their skills and reeducate themselves for new skills, lifelong learning must be a goal for every teacher and student. The curriculum provided during educational experiences should pave the way for attainment of this goal. This is particularly true for deaf and hard of hearing students. School-to-work (STW) has become an umbrella term for activities, experiences and opportunities that prepare students for the world of work, such as youth apprenticeships, mentoring, internships, job shadowing, career exploration, and integration of academic and vocational curriculum. This article provides historical background on STW, laws shaping requirements for STW programs, and research supporting STW components. Recommendations are provided for curricular elements of an STW program, and trends in STW are forecast. 相似文献
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