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Disruptiveness, Friends' Characteristics, and Delinquency in Early Adolescence: A Test of Two Competing Models of Development 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Frank Vitaro Richard E. Tremblay Margaret Kerr Linda Pagani William M. Bukowski 《Child development》1997,68(4):676-689
This study tested 2 competing models of friends' influence on the development of delinquency in disruptive boys. In so diong, we examined whether highly disruptive, moderately diseuptive, moderately conforming, and highly conforming boys' delinquecy increased or decreased depeniding on their friends' characteristics. A sample of 868 boys was classified into the 4 groups according to teacher tating at ages 11 and 12. Each group was then subdivided by mutual friends' peer-rate aggressiveness-disturbance at the same ages: aggressive-disturbing friends, average friends, nonaggressive-nondisturbing friends, and no friends. Subgroups were mext compared on self-reported delinquency at age 13 while controlling for average self-reported delinquency and socioeconomic variables at ages 11 and 12. Results indicate that moderately disruptive boys with aggressivedisturbive friends were more delinquent at age 13 than other subgroups of moderately disruptive boys. Highly disrupitve and confroming boys, however, were unaffected by their friends' characteristics. We conclude that the results partially support each theoretical model, suggesting that both individual characteristics and deviant peer association might play causal roles. 相似文献
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This longitudinal study investigated prospective links between social isolation and adjustment problems among 166 (77 girls, 89 boys) Finnish children ages 7 to 9. Peer nominations for social engagement and self-reports of internalizing and externalizing problems were collected in the spring of the 1st and 2nd grade. Friendship moderated prospective associations between peer and adjustment variables. Among friended children, there were no prospective associations between social isolation and either internalizing or externalizing problems. Among unfriended children, initial social isolation was positively linked to subsequent increases in internalizing and externalizing problems, and initial internalizing and externalizing problems predicted subsequent increases in social isolation. The findings suggest that friendship buffers against the adverse consequences associated with being isolated and presenting adjustment difficulties. 相似文献
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Interactions between Family Environment and Friendship and Associations with Self-Perceived Well-Being during Early Adolescence 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Cyma Gauze William M. Bukowski Jasmin Aquan-Assee Lorrie K. Sippola 《Child development》1996,67(5):2201-2216
Using a sample of 138 early adolescents and their parents, we examined the hypothesis that family and friendship measures would moderate each other's associations with measures of children's perceptions of their adjustment and well-being. Family environment was assessed by asking parents to complete the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale II. A sociometric nomination procedure and the Friendship Quality Scale were completed by the subjects as assessments of reciprocity and quality in their best friendship relations. The Perceived Competence Scale for Children was used to assess children's adjustment. Stronger associations were observed between the family measures and the adjustment measures in children without a close friendship than in children with such a relationship. Also, friendship was more strongly linked to outcome measures for children from low adaptive and low cohesive families than for children in more adaptive and cohesive families. These findings indicate that experiences in the family and friendship domains interact in their associations with children's impressions of their adjustment during early adolescence. 相似文献
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Robert B. Noll Kathryn Vannatta Kristine Koontz Karen Kalinyak William M. Bukowski W. Hobart Davies 《Child development》1996,67(2):423-436
Comparisons with measures of peer relationships and emotional well-being were made between youngsters with sickle cell disease (SCD) and same-classroom comparison peers. Relative to the comparison subjects, females with SCD were perceived by peers as being less sociable and less well accepted; males with SCD were perceived as being less aggressive than comparison peers. For both males and females with SCD, no other differences were identified on numerous measures of emotional well-being. None of the multiple measures of illness severity were significantly related to measures of psychological adjustment. The common side effects of SCD, chronic fatigue and small physical size, may divert males with the illness from manifesting difficulties related to aggressive behavior with peers. For females with the illness, the common side effects of the illness may hinder the development of normal social relationships. Despite chronic exposure to numerous stressful life events associated with SCD, the youngsters with the illness were remarkably similar to comparison peers, showing evidence of considerable hardiness. 相似文献
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Franziska Etter Arkadiusz Bukowski Christoph Alexander Rüst Thomas Rosemann Romuald Lepers 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):996-1006
Abstract This study investigated the participation and performance trends as well as the age and gender interaction at the Olympic distance ‘Zürich Triathlon’ (1.5?km swim, 40?km cycle and 10?km run) from 2000 to 2010 in 7,939 total finishers (1,666 females and 6,273 males). Female triathletes aged from 40 to 54 years significantly (P?<?0.05) increased their participation while the participation of younger females and males remained stable. Males of 50–54 years of age and females of 45–49 years of age improved their total race time. For elite top five overall triathletes, mean gender differences in swimming, cycling, running and overall race time were 15.2?±?4.6%, 13.4?±?2.3%, 17.1?±?2.5%, and 14.8?±?1.8%, respectively. For both elite and age group athletes, the gender difference in cycling time was significantly (P?<0.001) lower than for swimming and running. The gender difference in overall Olympic distance triathlon performance increased after the age of 35 years, which appeared earlier compared to long distance triathlon as suggested by previous studies. Future investigations should compare gender difference in performance for different endurance events across age to confirm a possible effect of exercise duration on gender difference with advancing age. 相似文献