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Jon Bekken 《Publishing Research Quarterly》1997,13(4):3-26
While bookstores play the vital role in book distribution, little attention has been paid to concentration and conglomerate
ownership in the retail book trade. In 1958, one-store book firms accounted for nearly 80 percent of book sales; by 1982 that
figure had fallen to 26 percent even though single-store retailers continue to account for a majority of all bookstore outlets.
Today the chains control at least 54 percent of bookstore sales. Buoyed by discriminatory discounts and publisher-subsidized
advertising campaigns, the chains’ dramatic growth seems likely to continue despite the fact that they are less profitable
than independent booksellers. The chains’ marketing orientation fits well with changes in the broader publishing industry,
as publishers seek to rationalize operations in order to improve the bottom line. As books become just another commodity,
sold through increasingly centralized and monopolized channels, access for alternative and minority voices is being for-closed. 相似文献
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Notwithstanding the expansion of higher education across the OECD, there continues to be concern about the levels of participation amongst those from disadvantaged backgrounds. In response to this, a new form of financial support for students from low-income families, the 'opportunity bursary', was introduced for a limited period in England from 2001/02. Surveys of two cohorts of opportunity-bursary applicants were carried out and these suggested possible psychological, behavioural and economic impacts. Fewer opportunity-bursary recipients than non-recipients reported that part-time work had interfered with their studies and more reported that the bursary had made them less worried about meeting the costs of going to university. There was some evidence that the scheme led to increased retention in the first year of university study; it also appeared to lead to lower levels of debt, in particular bank overdrafts or credit card debt. 相似文献
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