Exertional heat illness risk factors and physiological responses of youth football players     

Susan W. Yeargin  John J. Dickinson  Dawn M. Emerson  Jessica Koller  Toni M. Torres-McGehee  Zachary Y. Kerr 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(1):91

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Evidence review of the economic contribution of libraries     

Scott Dickinson 《Cultural Trends》2014,23(4):308-311

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Choice and goal-directed behavior in preschool children     

Klossek UM  Yu S  Dickinson A 《Learning & behavior》2011,39(4):350-357

Preschool children (3–4 years old) were trained to perform two actions to gain different outcomes, in the form of video clips from different cartoons, before one of these outcomes was devalued by noncontingent exposure. The effect of outcome devaluation was subsequently assessed in an extinction test by giving children the opportunity to perform both actions in the absence of any outcomes. When the two actions were trained concurrently, performance during the test was modulated by outcome value and children showed a preference for the action trained with the currently valued outcome. By contrast, when each action was trained separately on different trials, test performance was insensitive to outcome devaluation. These effects of the training schedules are interpreted in terms of dual-process theories of action control.  相似文献   

Breakthrough is a pathway best not taken     

David K. Dickinson 《Journal of Educational Change》2007,8(3):279-282

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Incentive learning and the motivational control of instrumental performance by thirst     

Matias Lopez  Bernard Balleine  Anthony Dickinson 《Learning & behavior》1992,20(4):322-328

The role of incentive learning in instrumental performance following a shift in the degree of water deprivation was analyzed in three experiments. In Experiments 1A and IB, rats trained to perform an instrumental action reinforced with either sucrose or maltodextrin solutions when in a high-deprivation state were subsequently shifted to a low-deprivation state and tested in extinction. This within-state shift in water deprivation reduced instrumental performance only when the animals had been exposed to the reinforcer in the low-deprivation state prior to instrumental training. In Experiment 2, a concurrent training procedure was used to assess whether the change in the value of the reinforcer brought about by preexposurewas mediated by the contingency between the instrumental action and the reinforcer. Preexposure to the reinforcer under the low-deprivation state produced a selective reduction of the performance of the action upon which it was contingent during training when testing was conducted in extinction following a shift from the high- to the low-deprivation state. These experiments provide evidence that animals have to learn about the incentive value of a reinforcer in a particular motivational state through exposure to the reinforcer in that state.  相似文献   

Flavor-evaluative conditioning is unaffected by contingency knowledge during training with color-flavor compounds     

Dickinson A  Brown KJ 《Learning & behavior》2007,35(1):36-42

In two experiments, participants inspected and drank a series of drinks, half of which contained sugar and half unpalatable Tween20 (tween). Each sugar and tween drink had a particular flavor and color. Following this training, the flavors of the sugar drinks were assigned higher hedonic evaluations than were those of the tween drinks, even though the participants did not reliably report which flavors had been present in the sugar and tween drinks during training. Moreover, the evaluative conditioning of the flavors was unaffected by whether or not the colors alone had been pretrained to predict the presence of sugar or tween in the drinks. In accord with Baeyens, Eelen, van den Bergh, and Crombez (1990), we conclude that flavor-evaluative conditioning is not mediated by contingency learning.  相似文献   

Consultation: Assuring the quality and outcomes     

Dave Dickinson 《Educational Psychology in Practice》2000,16(1):19-23

In this article, I outline a number of issues in the development of consultation practice in the Lincolnshire Educational Psychology Service. This includes the principles of operation that have guided our development of practice, our continual practice of review and our method of recording outcomes. The overall perspective on accountability is that it must start with the consultee.  相似文献   

Triangulating Clinically Meaningful Change in the Six-minute Walk Test in Individuals with Chronic Heart Failure: A Systematic Review     

Michael J. Shoemaker  Amy B. Curtis  Eric Vangsnes  Michael G. Dickinson 《Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal》2012,23(3):5-15

Purpose

The purpose of the present review was to use existing, published data to provide an estimate of the amount of change in six-minute walk test distance (Δ6MWT) that represents a clinically meaningful change in individuals with chronic heart failure (CHF).

Methods

The present review included two separate literature searches of the CINAHL and Medline databases for articles that: (1) reported the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the 6MWT in individuals with CHF, and (2) used the 6MWT along with either aerobic capacity or health-related quality of life (HRQL) as study endpoints in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise-based intervention for individuals with CHF. The ICCs were used to calculate the minimum detectable difference (MDD) at the 95% confidence interval for each included study. The Δ6MWT associated with aerobic capacity and HRQL within-group effect sizes for the intervention and control groups in each included RCT was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results

Thirteen articles reported the ICC for the 6MWT. The mean (standard deviation) MDD calculated based on these data was 43.1(16.8) m. Eighteen RCTs measured the 6MWT and either aerobic capacity and/or HRQL. A Δ6MWT of 40–45 m was associated with at least moderate aerobic capacity and HRQL effect sizes in the intervention groups. The Δ6MWT thresholds that discriminated between intervention and control groups using ROC curves revealed the following sensitivity/specificity for the respective thresholds: 19 m, 94.4/83.3%, 32 m, 83.3/94.4%, and 48 m 44.4/100% (AUC = .935, p = .009, CI_95% .855, 1.015).

Conclusions

A Δ6MWT of approximately 45 m appears to exceed measurement error and be associated with significant changes in either aerobic capacity and/or HRQL.Key Words: heart failure, six-minute walk test, clinically meaningful change, minimum detectable difference  相似文献   

Fixed or flexible schedule? Schedule impacts and school library circulation     

Karen Gavigan  Shana Pribesh  Gail Dickinson 《Library & information science research》2010

Despite more than 15 years of research into the implementation of flexible access to school library media programs in the United States, few empirical studies exist that examine the relationship between access scheduling and school library media circulation. This quantitative study examines the relationship between types of school library schedules and circulation. Examination of end-of-year circulation statistics for fixed, flexible, and partially flexible elementary school library media centers in North Carolina and Virginia indicate that there was a significant and positive relationship between flexible scheduling and per-pupil book circulation in elementary schools in these two states.  相似文献   

Out of the ordinary: recapturing the liberal traditions of a university education through field courses     

Tony Harland  Rachel A. Spronken-Smith  Katharine J. M. Dickinson  Neil Pickering 《Teaching in Higher Education》2013,18(1):93-106

This article aims to stimulate debate about the nature of field courses in higher education. We use a colloquium format that allows each of us to reflect on the philosophy of field course teaching and our writing endeavours to establish a dialogue between the authors and leave the reader with a sense of curiosity. It starts with a position paper that sets out a particular viewpoint on field courses to which responses were invited. Two of the respondents were experienced field-course teachers in disciplines traditionally associated with this type of curriculum, the other a lecturer in a non-field-course-oriented discipline.  相似文献