图书馆学实验方法研究     

C·H·布沙  侯汉清  黄刚 《大学图书馆学报》1984,(2):58-65

<正> 一、基本概念"实验"可以定义为研究者对起重要作用的条件加以精确地说明和控制的一种研究方式.改变一个或多个自变量的值,观察这种变化对于一个或多个实验组的各个因变量值的影响.而其它可能与研究课题有关的(即影响因变量的值)因素,则通过精密的实验将其限制在最小程度.这样,通过控制实验的条件,研究假设的基本要求就得到满足.在图书馆学方面,实验方法可以用于鉴定那些有关图书馆藏书建设,藏书保管和藏书利用等方面的新技术,说明那些定义不准  相似文献   

Tier-specific evolution of match performance characteristics in the English Premier League: it’s getting tougher at the top     

Paul S. Bradley  David T. Archer  Bob Hogg  Gabor Schuth  Michael Bush  Chris Carling 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(10):980-987

This study investigated the evolution of physical and technical performances in the English Premier League (EPL), with special reference to league ranking. Match performance observations (n = 14,700) were collected using a multiple-camera computerised tracking system across seven consecutive EPL seasons (2006–07 to 2012–13). Final league rankings were classified into Tiers: (A) 1st–4th ranking (n = 2519), (B) 5th–8th ranking (n = 2965), (C) 9th–14th ranking (n = 4448) and (D) 15th–20th ranking (n = 4768). Teams in Tier B demonstrated moderate increases in high-intensity running distance while in ball possession from the 2006–07 to 2012–13 season (P < 0.001; effect size [ES]: 0.68), with Tiers A, C and D producing less pronounced increases across the same period (P < 0.005; ES: 0.26, 0.41 and 0.33, respectively). Large increases in sprint distance were observed from the 2006–07 to 2012–13 season for Tier B (P < 0.001; ES: 1.21), while only moderate increases were evident for Tiers A, C and D (P < 0.001; ES: 0.75, 0.97 and 0.84, respectively). Tier B demonstrated large increases in the number of passes performed and received in 2012–13 compared to 2006–07 (P < 0.001; ES: 1.32–1.53) with small-to-moderate increases in Tier A (P < 0.001; ES: 0.30–0.38), Tier C (P < 0.001; ES: 0.46–0.54) and Tier D (P < 0.001; ES: 0.69–0.87). The demarcation line between 4th (bottom of Tier A) and 5th ranking (top of Tier B) in the 2006–07 season was 8 points, but this decreased to just a single point in the 2012–13 season. The data demonstrate that physical and technical performances have evolved more in Tier B than any other Tier in the EPL and could indicate a narrowing of the performance gap between the top two Tiers.  相似文献   

Misconceptions about traumatic brain injury among students preparing to be special education professionals     

Karen Hux  Erin Bush  Kelli Evans  Gina Simanek 《Support for Learning》2013,28(3):109-114

The researchers performed a survey study to determine the effectiveness of collegiate programmes in dispelling common misconceptions about traumatic brain injury (TBI) while preparing undergraduate and graduate students for special education (SpEd) careers. Respondents included 136 undergraduate and 147 graduate SpEd students in their final semesters before obtaining degrees. Each completed an 18‐item true/false survey about TBI and the associated recovery process. Results were compared with survey responses from 318 lay public respondents who participated in a previous study. Two major findings emerged: (a) no significant differences existed in misconception endorsement between SpEd students completing Bachelor's versus Master's degrees; and (b) graduating students in SpEd teacher preparation programmes endorsed similar misconceptions as lay public respondents; hence, these programmes do not appear effective in dispelling common TBI misconceptions. Improving academic preparation for special educators regarding TBI is imperative for effectively identifying, assessing and serving student survivors.  相似文献   

An Australian study of generic competencies required by engineers   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

S. A. Male  M. B. Bush  E. S. Chapman 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2011,36(2):151-163

Engineering curricula have expanded in recent decades. In addition to science and technical engineering, they now include several non-technical competencies. This is a trend reinforced by programme accreditation. The authors take the viewpoint that it is important to ensure that graduates have the competencies they will require for their work. The following question is addressed: What are the generic competencies that engineers graduating in Australia require for their work as engineers?

Competencies were identified from a broad range of literature and then rated by 300 established engineers for importance to their jobs. The results indicated that non-technical, attitudinal and technical competencies were perceived to be important. Eleven competency factors were revealed empirically. Profiles of these competency factors among graduates would assist evaluation and improvement of engineering programmes. This is the first quantitative study conducted in Australia that encompassed all engineering disciplines and focused on established engineers rather than recent graduates.  相似文献   

The Right to Teach, the Right to Learn     

Laurie Bush  Tony Hill 《British Journal of Special Education》1993,20(1):4-7

Believe that the findings and recommendations of the Elton Committee have much to offer schools for children with emotional and behavioural difficulties, as well as mainstream schools. They outline the way they have introduced 'assertive discipline' into behaviour management policy of the school.  相似文献   

The Center Academy of the Brooklyn Jewish Center     

Irene Bush Steinbock 《Journal of Jewish Education》2013,79(2):40-44

“It is revealed and known in front of the One who spoke and the world came into existence that a child loves¹ his mother more than his father because she appeases him with words. Therefore the Holy One Blessed be He put love of father before love of mother. And it is revealed and known before He who spoke and the world came into existence that a child fears his father more than his mother because he teaches him Torah. Therefore, the Holy One Blessed He put fear of mother before fear of father.²  相似文献   

Building as We Go: Secondary Schools,Community Colleges,and Universities in Partnership – The Early College High School Initiative     

V. Barbara Bush 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(10):623-638

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of key informants about the processes of institutional change and collaboration involved in the development of three early college high schools (ECHS)s over a 4-year period. The 15 study participants were members of early college high school councils and included high school principals, counselors, community college administrators, and school district administrators. Participants were located at two early college high schools located on community college campuses, and one was located on a school district site. This mixed methods study used a survey and structured interviews, both based loosely on case studies from Not so easy going: The policy environments of small urban schools and schools-within-schools (Raywid & Schmerler, 2003) and factors identified by the Wilder Collaboration Inventory (Mattessich & Monsey, 1992) as critical to successful collaboration. The findings of the study showed that the ECHS partnership, according to the majority of its members, exhibited (a) indicators of institutional change in policy and attitude toward collaboration; and (b) the success factors of history of collaboration, favorable political climate, appropriate cross section of members, collaboration seen in self interest, sharing a stake in process and outcome, shared decision making, concrete attainable goals and objectives, and shared vision. Success factors not showing a majority response were adequate resources, mutual respect, open and frequent communication, clear roles and policy guidelines, and sufficient funds.  相似文献   

KEEPING COLLEGE PREDICTION EQUATIONS CURRENT     

John R.  Hills Marilyn L.  Bush Joseph A.  Klock 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1966,3(1):33-34

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Parenting and family socialization strategies and children's mental health: low-income Mexican-American and Euro-American mothers and children     

Hill NE  Bush KR  Roosa MW 《Child development》2003,74(1):189-204

The extent to which current theories on family-related factors associated with children's depression and conduct problems are applicable to Mexican American children was examined among demographically comparable samples of low-income Mexican American (English and Spanish speaking) and Euro-American mothers and children. There were ethnic differences in mean levels of children's depression, maternal inconsistent discipline, and hostile control. In addition, there were differences across language within the Mexican American sample on levels of reported maternal inconsistent discipline and hostile control. The vast majority of relations between parenting and mental health were similar between Mexican Americans and Euro-Americans, suggesting that current theories do apply across ethnic groups. However, analyses across language within the Mexican American sample showed that language preference moderated the relation between maternal acceptance and children's conduct problems. Moreover, the relation between acceptance and hostile control differed across groups. These results are discussed in light of the relative influence of ethnicity and other contextual variables on parenting and children's mental health.  相似文献   

Mentoring for Principals: Pre-Service and In-Service Models     

Tony Bush 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》1995,15(1):1-13

Mentoring is an increasingly important element in the preparation of principals in many countries, including Singapore, the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK). In Singapore and the US, mentoring forms part of a pre-service programme of training for intending principals. In the UK, it is a voluntary programme which takes place during their first year as principals. The efficacy of mentoring depends on the quality of the mentor/protege relationship at least as much as the organisational and cultural framework within which it operates. Definitions and conceptions of mentoring are remarkably similar in different societies and its advantages appear to outweigh its disadvantages in both Singapore and the UK.  相似文献