The kinematic differences between off-spin and leg-spin bowling in cricket     

Aaron J. Beach  René E. D. Ferdinands  Peter J. Sinclair 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2016,15(3):295-313

Spin bowling is generally coached using a standard technical framework, but this practice has not been based upon a comparative biomechanical analysis of leg-spin and off-spin bowling. This study analysed the three-dimensional (3D) kinematics of 23 off-spin and 20 leg-spin bowlers using a Cortex motion analysis system to identify how aspects of the respective techniques differed. A multivariate ANOVA found that certain data tended to validate some of the stated differences in the coaching literature. Off-spin bowlers had a significantly shorter stride length (p = 0.006) and spin rate (p = 0.001), but a greater release height than leg-spinners (p = 0.007). In addition, a number of other kinematic differences were identified that were not previously documented in coaching literature. These included a larger rear knee flexion (p = 0.007), faster approach speed (p < 0.001), and flexing elbow action during the arm acceleration compared with an extension action used by most of the off-spin bowlers. Off-spin and leg-spin bowlers also deviated from the standard coaching model for the shoulder alignment, front knee angle at release, and forearm mechanics. This study suggests that off-spin and leg-spin are distinct bowling techniques, supporting the development of two different coaching models in spin bowling.  相似文献   

Regret for Complaint Withholding     

Esther Liu  Michael E. Roloff 《Communication quarterly》2016,64(1):72-92

This study examines regret for withholding relational complaints. The study sample of 393 participants completed measures of irritant frequency, irritant importance, relational intimacy, emotional distress from withholding, and regret for withholding. Irritant frequency mediated the positive relationship between length of withholding and irritant importance. This process predicted less intimacy and more emotional distress from withholding, the latter of which related to regret. Alternative paths were also found between length of withholding and regret. Results offer important implications for the role of regret management in hurtful confrontations and may inform other avoidance forms.  相似文献   

POLICY STRATEGIES FOR THE CAREER DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN AT EUROPEAN UNIVERSITIES     

Esther K. Hicks 《Higher Education in Europe》1993,18(4):3-16

Intended as an introduction and overview, this article previews the other contributions to the topic and places them in a general introductory context. The basic question is why women, who are not currently confronted with legal or overt discrimination with regard to entering and even thriving in academic careers, are still underrepresented in the academic world in Europe, particularly in the upper echelons of academic governance and power. Several possible explanations are given, in particular the failure of women to be prepared from an early age to be competitive in ways which boys are taught to take for granted, and their failure, not so much to engage in networking, but to penetrate the networks which count, most or all of which are in fact male dominated. Among the strategies which women may use to gain both presence and power in the academic world, the use of women's studies programmes is ruled out as being ultimately counterproductive. Likewise doubt is cast on the long‐term effectiveness of affirmative action programmes. Only remedies specific to the individual conditions of each country will be really helpful in aiding women to be more numerous in higher education, particularly in positions of power. However, in all the countries in question, women must be socialized so as to be willing to adopt behaviours conducive to academic success, and they must bring to bear the full resources of the social protection and welfare systems, all of which in the different countries of the Europe Region favour not only the progress of women, but the rational use of human resources.  相似文献   

Structure and Agency in Adolescents’ Expectations of Pursuing Post-secondary Education     

Keung  Chrysa Pui Chi  Ho  Esther Sui Chu 《Research in higher education》2020,61(2):270-295

Research in Higher Education - Past studies have supported the view that parent background and family socioeconomic status determine the post-secondary educational expectations of adolescents. They...  相似文献   

Waiting to inhale: how to unhurry the moment of birth     

Malloy ME 《The Journal of perinatal education》2011,20(1):8-13

A doula and expectant mother's view of birth is forever changed when she sees a midwife simply place a newly born child below her mother at the moment of birth. The pause that the mother experiences in this moment as she studies, touches, and claims her child prompts the author to reflect in this guest editorial on ways we might be disturbing the natural sequence of birth as we deliver babies directly to their mothers' chests.  相似文献   

Observed Implementation of a Science Professional Development Program for K-8 Classrooms     

Becky Barton Sinclair  Gilbert Naizer  Cynthia Ledbetter 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2011,22(7):579-594

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EQUAL OPPORTUNITY OR INTEGRATION FOR WOMEN IN THE DUTCH ACADEMIC WORLD     

Wouter Van Rossum  Esther K. Hicks 《Higher Education in Europe》1993,18(4):51-64

In 1981, the career structure in Dutch higher education was modified in such a way that performance criteria, particularly possession of a doctorate and research and publication activity, were required for promotion. In particular, the hierarchy of university posts below that of full professor was modified in such a way that persons holding so‐called WHM(senior scientific staff level) positions were required to reapply for the new UHD(associate professor) positions on a competitive basis which stressed the publication record of candidates. Using a sampling of academic women drawn from the natural sciences, the authors offer an explanation as to why women academics did less well than men in the competitions for these new posts. Although the process did not discriminate against women as such, it did not favour academics on the periphery of the profession, where many women at the time found themselves. The situation identified was the result of social factors more than of institutional discrimination. Presently, younger women ‐graduate students ‐ are rapidly moving from the periphery of the profession to the centre. Active involvement in professional networks will aid academic women in their careers; however, over‐involvement in family matters (the care network) may be harmful to the career progress of academic women.  相似文献   

Copyright and You     

Esther R. Sinofsky Ph.D. 《TechTrends》1997,42(4):9-10

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Copyright and you     

Esther R. Sinofsky Ph.D. 《TechTrends》1996,41(5):6-7

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The Career Maturity of Singaporean Adolescents — Where do We Stand and What Can be Done?     

Esther Tan 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》1989,10(2):40-50

This study investigated the cognitive, attitudinal and behavioural aspects of the career maturity of 1380 secondary school and junior college students.

The findings reveal a general weakness in career exploration and in the students' development of career decision-making skills. While no significant gender differences can be observed, there is strong evidence to indicate that career development does mature with age. The findings also suggest a positive association between career maturity and academic performance and between career maturity and parental involvement. Among the resource persons identified, teachers are the least consulted. They are also rated as the least helpful source of career information.

In the light of these findings, implications for the planning and implementation of career guidance in schools to enhance the career maturity of the students are discussed and suggestions made.  相似文献