Destined to Design? How and Why Australian Women Choose to Study Industrial Design     

Cathy Lockhart  Evonne Miller 《The International Journal of Art & Design Education》2016,35(2):213-228

Despite over three decades of legislation and initiatives designed to tackle the traditional gender divide in the science, technology and design fields, only a quarter of the registered architects in Australia are women. There are no statistics available for other design disciplines, with little known about why women choose design as a career path and who or what influences this decision. This qualitative research addresses this knowledge gap, through semi‐structured in‐depth interviews conducted with 19 Australian women who completed an industrial (product) design degree. Thematic analysis revealed three key themes: childhood aptitude and exposure; significant experiences and people; and design as a serendipitous choice. The findings emphasise the importance of early exposure to design as a potential career choice, highlighting the critical role played by parents, teachers, professionals and social networks.  相似文献   

The Roles of Parental Support and Family Stress in Adolescent Sleep          下载免费PDF全文

Kim M. Tsai  Ronald E. Dahl  Michael R. Irwin  Julienne E. Bower  Heather McCreath  Teresa E. Seeman  David M. Almeida  Andrew J. Fuligni 《Child development》2018,89(5):1577-1588

The current study examines the association between parental support and adolescent sleep under varying levels of family stress. Participants included 316 adolescents (M_age = 16.40 years, 43% male) and their parents (M_age = 45.67 years, 91% mothers) from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Both adolescents and parents completed questionnaires and adolescents wore wrist actigraphs and completed self‐reports on their sleep for 7 consecutive days. Results indicated that under contexts of family stress, more parental support was linked to longer sleep duration, less sleep variability, and less time spent awake during the night. Findings suggest that under contexts of family stress, cohesive family relationships may provide a sense of stability and security that is necessary for healthful sleep.  相似文献   

Video variety at the Kettering Medical Center     

Irwin S 《Educational & industrial television》1981,13(10):68-72

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Faculty experience of rudeness in Scottish higher education: dealing with rudeness from students and colleagues.     

A. Irwin  A. M. H. Cederblad 《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2019,43(5):658-673

This paper investigated rudeness experienced by academic staff from students, co-workers and senior staff members. The focus of much of the rudeness literature in an educational setting has been on the student experience of rudeness, predominantly in the classroom. The aim of the current study was to focus on the experience of academic staff rather than students, and to broaden consideration of rudeness beyond the classroom, to include e-mail. Using a mixed-methods questionnaire, with both closed and open questions, rudeness perception, impact and response was examined across a sample of 122 academic staff from Scottish Higher Education institutions. The study examined relationships between personality, stress, job satisfaction, level of rudeness and the impact of rudeness on staff. The qualitative segment explored responses to rude e-mails across three sources; student, colleague and senior colleague. The results indicated that academic staff reported similar levels of rudeness from students, co-workers and senior colleagues. Faculty who reported high levels of neuroticism were more likely to report a negative impact of rudeness. Academic staff also reported that their response to rudeness could differ according to the instigator: a greater proportion of staff reported that they would be likely to reprimand a student, in comparison to a colleague, for rudeness. Staff were more likely to seek an informal resolution to rudeness with a co-worker, rather than a student. This paper highlights the potential importance of individual characteristics in assessing the impact of rudeness on faculty and indicates that rudeness may come from several sources in academia.  相似文献   

“Quality education”: A definition     

Irwin Goldberg 《The Urban Review》1967,2(1):3-3

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Convergent genomic signatures of high-altitude adaptation among domestic mammals     

Dong-Dong Wu  Cui-Ping Yang  Ming-Shan Wang  Kun-Zhe Dong  Da-Wei Yan  Zi-Qian Hao  Song-Qing Fan  Shu-Zhou Chu  Qiu-Shuo Shen  Li-Ping Jiang  Yan Li  Lin Zeng  He-Qun Liu  Hai-Bing Xie  Yun-Fei Ma  Xiao-Yan Kong  Shu-Li Yang  Xin-Xing Dong  Ali Esmailizadeh  David M Irwin  Xiao Xiao  Ming Li  Yang Dong  Wen Wang  Peng Shi  Hai-Peng Li  Yue-Hui Ma  Xiao Gou  Yong-Bin Chen  Ya-Ping Zhang 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(6):952

Abundant and diverse domestic mammals living on the Tibetan Plateau provide useful materials for investigating adaptive evolution and genetic convergence. Here, we used 327 genomes from horses, sheep, goats, cattle, pigs and dogs living at both high and low altitudes, including 73 genomes generated for this study, to disentangle the genetic mechanisms underlying local adaptation of domestic mammals. Although molecular convergence is comparatively rare at the DNA sequence level, we found convergent signature of positive selection at the gene level, particularly the EPAS1 gene in these Tibetan domestic mammals. We also reported a potential function in response to hypoxia for the gene C10orf67, which underwent positive selection in three of the domestic mammals. Our data provide an insight into adaptive evolution of high-altitude domestic mammals, and should facilitate the search for additional novel genes involved in the hypoxia response pathway.  相似文献   

Can Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders “Hear” a Speaking Face?     

Irwin JR  Tornatore LA  Brancazio L  Whalen DH 《Child development》2011,82(5):1397-1403

This study used eye-tracking methodology to assess audiovisual speech perception in 26 children ranging in age from 5 to 15 years, half with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and half with typical development. Given the characteristic reduction in gaze to the faces of others in children with ASD, it was hypothesized that they would show reduced influence of visual information on heard speech. Responses were compared on a set of auditory, visual, and audiovisual speech perception tasks. Even when fixated on the face of the speaker, children with ASD were less visually influenced than typical development controls. This indicates fundamental differences in the processing of audiovisual speech in children with ASD, which may contribute to their language and communication impairments.  相似文献   

The secular trend for grip strength in Canada and the United States     

Silverman IW 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(6):599-606

Worldwide, body weight has risen dramatically in recent decades, raising the question of whether there were concomitant changes in physical fitness. Past research with children and adolescents has shown that body weight and grip strength are positively correlated. Therefore, it was predicted that grip strength had increased on average in children and adolescents over the past four or five decades. To test this prediction, relevant data were extracted from 18 studies for males (N = 5676 in total) and 17 studies for females (N = 5489 in total). The studies were conducted in Canada and the United States from about 1966 on, with participants' ages ranging from 6 through 19 years. Weighted least squares regression analyses showed that grip strength was significantly predicted by age but not by country. Male grip strength decreased significantly over the period covered, but the change was very small, accounting for far less than 1% of the variance in male grip strength. Discussion focuses on potential explanations for why grip strength did not change over time as predicted.  相似文献   

On Being a Faculty Member in a Group Counseling Institute     

Irwin Zollinger 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1974,13(3):226-227

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Personal constructs and the enhancement of adolescent engagement in reading     

Nicole Irwin 《Support for Learning》2003,18(1):29-34

In this article, Nicole Irwin analyses the literature concerning enhancement of reading engagement for adolescents. She argues that cognition is irrevocably linked to the affective domain, and that voluntary engaged reading can be enhanced more effectively by attention to the perceptions of learners in addition to their cognitive skills. With Personal Construct Psychology as the framework, Nicole examines the constructs that readers develop about themselves, shaped by their understanding of (1) the purpose and nature of reading, (2) gender and (3) parents’ attitudes and behaviour concerning reading. The possible implications Personal Construct Psychology might have for education policy, culture and classroom practice are considered.  相似文献