A COMPARISON OF THE RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF TWO METHODS FOR ASSESSING PARTIAL KNOWLEDGE ON A MULTIPLE-CHOICE TEST     

RONALD K. HAMBLETON  DENNIS M. ROBERTS  ROSS E. TRAUB 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1970,7(2):75-82

Differential weighting of response alternatives and confidence testing have been proposed as ways to assess partial knowledge on multiple-choice tests. 211 students in an educational measurement course took their midterm examination under one of three procedures. Results from those students administered the test under conventional directions provided a baseline for comparing, in terms of reliability and validity, the results from students who took the test under the differential weighting of response alternatives or the confidence testing instructions. Reliability was estimated by the split-half technique. Validity was estimated by correlating midterm test scores with scores on a final examination. This investigation provides some support for the contention that validity can be improved using more sophisticated testing techniques. Suggestions for the conduct of more definitive studies were offered.  相似文献   

Truth and the Capability of Learning     

GEOFFREY HINCHLIFFE 《Journal of Philosophy of Education》2007,41(2):221-232

This paper examines learning as a capability, taking as its starting point the work of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum. The paper is concerned to highlight the relation between learning and truth, and it does so by examining the idea of a genealogy of truth and also Donald Davidson's coherence theory. Thus the notion of truth is understood to be not only built into the capability of learning but also translated across into other capabilities.  相似文献   

Religious Belief and the Will     

ROBERT C. ROBERTS 《Philosophical Books》1987,28(4):246-249

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Emotions and Reasons: An Inquiry into Emotional Justification     

ROBERT C. ROBERTS 《Philosophical Books》1992,31(4):233-235

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Matter and Sense     

GEOFFREY MADELL 《Philosophical Books》1983,24(3):175-177

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Dramatic Play and the Training of Teachers     

GEOFFREY FOX 《English in Education》1975,9(3):11-20

'Genetically, play is an integral part of life and to isolate it as modern man has done is to destroy the true, natural spirit and the ultimate value of play to man and society.' Huizinga: Homo Ludens  相似文献   

Teaching Counseling Skills Through Self-Management Procedures     

MARK A. HECTOR  STEVEN E. ELSON  GEOFFREY G. YAGER 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1977,17(1):12-22

Counseling skills can be learned through self-management programs, as well as through more traditional methods. The benefits of self-management in counselor training are discussed, and an outline of an applicable procedure for self-change projects is detailed. Two examples of completed self-managed change in counselor behavior are included.  相似文献   

Counselor Anxiety During a Counseling Interview     

JAMES T. BOWMAN  GAYLE T. ROBERTS 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1978,17(3):205-212

Physiological and subjective measures of counselor anxiety were compared to determine if counselors experienced greater anxiety during a counseling interview than during a conversation, Twenty experienced rehabilitation counselors in a graduate-level practicum course volunteered to participate in a 10-minute conversation and counseling session. Anxiety was assessed by self-report skin conductance and heart-rate measures. Results indicated that there were no significant treatment, period, or interaction effects for heart-rate data; however, there was a significant period effect for conductance data. There were no significant differences for participants' self-report evaluations of the two situations. Baseline autonomic data were highly related to autonomic data during the anticipation and stimulus periods, and preexperimental self-report data were moderately related to postexperimental self-report data. Conclusions were that counselors experience comparable anxiety during counseling and conversing, that expectation accounts for most of the counselors' anxiety, and that baseline physiological and self-report data may prove useful in identifying counselors who would experience anxiety during an interview.  相似文献   

Effects of Contextual Constraints and Non-fixated Words in a Simple Reading Task     

GEOFFREY UNDERWOOD  ALISON WHITFIELD  JANE WINFIELD 《Journal of Research in Reading》1982,5(2):89-100

An experiment is reported which investigates the perceptual span available to skilled readers in a single fixation. After adult readers had listened to an incomplete sentence they were presented tachistoscopically with a word which they were to name aloud. Congruency between sentence and word facilitated naming, but the presence of an unattended word in the right visual field confounded this relationship. If the unattended word was also congruent, then the naming response was further facilitated, but a congruent unattended word interfered with the naming of an incongruent attended word. This relationship did not hold for unattended words which were presented in the left visual field, and which did not appear to have been processed for meaning. An effect of an unattended word upon the naming of a fixated word suggests that skilled readers recognize the meanings of more words than are fixated. Skilled readers may use the meanings of words ahead of fixation to enrich their interpretation of the text, or use those words more simply as markers to guide future eye-movements to the location of the next useful fixation.  相似文献   

Early Reading     

GEOFFREY ROBERTS 《Literacy》1975,9(2):14-23

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