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Grading is often perceived as one of a teacher's most difficult tasks. Despite most teachers endeavoring to grade their students as objectively as possible, many students feel that they are subject to unfair grading. The aim of this study is to describe what it is about a teacher's grading that contributes to the perception of unfairness. This study used the critical incident technique, with 411 practicing teachers in Sweden contributing their own experiences of being assessed in a school context. The main findings from qualitative data analysis indicate that when teachers fail to follow guidelines of the current grading system, use undependable information, allow themselves to be influenced by irrelevant factors, or are ambiguous in their communication, the pupils perceived the grading process as unfair. The findings are analyzed and discussed in relation to a theoretical model of teachers' grading, validity and reliability, and three ethical principles. 相似文献
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Gunnel A.M. Backenroth BO H. Ahlner 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2000,22(3):225-240
Hearing impairment may be regarded as a hidden disability in working life, only becoming visible in communication, collaboration and human interaction. The purpose of this study is to describe the reported quality of life of individuals with moderate to severe hearing loss, after their participation in counselling in an audiological rehabilitation program for hearing aid users. The method used was an in-depth interview. The results demonstrated that the counselling interventions had influenced attitudes to hearing impairment and had increased awareness of the hearing impairment and increased demands for more understanding on close relatives and friends. Furthermore, the study found that subjects gained new perspectives and felt more comfortable using a hearing aid. They were given more support, their self-confidence increased and they gained insight into their experienced tiredness. Their ability to use coping strategies in order to deal with their changed life situation was also increased. Implications for counselling are discussed. 相似文献
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Nearly a quarter of the entire population of the EU has a disability. Disabled employees have become increasingly integrated into the labor force. According to a national survey and an international literature review, disabled people's experiences enrich the cultural diversity of the workplace. The purpose of the present paper is to present current research trends and identify future research needs in terms of occupational counseling for disabled employees. Research in this area poses many challenges, and there is a clear need for an interdisciplinary approach. Counseling-oriented, work-oriented and manager-based models are discussed in this paper. Counseling can promote collaboration with various agencies, such as family organizations, educators and managers, thus laying the foundations for developing the competencies needed in the labor markets of the future. The paper goes on to discuss the role of empowerment, self-advocacy and social relations over the life span. 相似文献
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Gunnel Colnerud 《Teachers and Teaching》2013,19(3):346-360
The purpose of this article is to study whether moral stress is a phenomenon relevant to teaching practice and which may make a significant contribution to understanding why teachers repeatedly reported feeling burdened by work. Moral stress can be caused by acting in conflict with one’s own conscience, e.g. when one knows the right thing to do but institutional constraints make it difficult to act in a way that is consistent with one’s morals. The method used in this study is critical incident technique focusing ethical dilemmas in teaching. The findings add a phenomenon to previous research of moral stress in other professions; moral stress can be caused not only by external regulations, but also by internal moral imperatives in conflict with one another. 相似文献
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Gunnel Rikardsson Ron Sanders Charlotte Brunsdon David Morley Dean T. Jamison Emile G. McAnany 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(2):34-36
Gunnel Rikardsson's The Middle East Conflict in the Swedish Press: A Content Analysis of Three Daily Newspapers 1948-1973 (Stockholm: Esselte Studium, 1978—price not given, paper) Ron Sanders' Broadcasting in Guyana (London and Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978-13.95 or$9.50, paper) Charlotte Brunsdon and David Morley's Everyday Television: 'Nationwide' (94 pp.) Revue Francaise de Communication (CEEPP 38, rue de Bassano, 75008 Paris, France—various rates from different regions: about $38.00 to the USA/quarterly) A Comparison of Commercial Television in the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Canada, Japan and Australia (Australian Broadcasting Tribunal, 153 Walker St., North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia—apparently free on request, paper with spiral binding) Dean T. Jamison and Emile G. McAnany's Radio for Education and Development (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1978—$15.95/7.95) 相似文献
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This study is aimed to deduce which ethical norms and considerations are implicitly present in the students’ answers when they are asked to define to what degree the presented actions in a questionnaire are acts of cheating. Data are analysed by factor analysis as well as qualitative analysis. The questions asked are: What characterises the items regarded as cheating? What characterises the items not regarded as cheating? The implicit logic in the students’ attitudes is: The lower the degree of effort and work, the lower degree of learning can be expected; the lower is the degree of learning, the higher will be the degree of academic dishonesty. If the academic dishonesty does promote learning, it can be morally justified by mixed arguments from three ethical theories, consequentialist, deontology and virtue ethics. 相似文献
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Gunnel Colnerud 《Teachers and Teaching》2013,19(3):365-385
Research on teacher ethics and the moral dimensions of teaching has contributed to extensive and valuable knowledge, which has sometimes led to constructive syntheses of positions. Four research problems which have been elucidated are discussed in this article: the relationship between care and justice, the conflict between the ethics of virtue and the ethics of rules, the relationship between moral education and professional ethics and what is morally significant in the teaching profession. Furthermore, an invitation to renew the discussion and formulate the next generation of research problems is made. Two issues are proposed. First, to answer the question why is it so difficult to be a morally good teacher and, second, teachers’ moral responsibility for the content taught. 相似文献
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Sveriges Dövas Riksförbund (SDR), i.e. Swedish National Association of the Deaf, in co-operation with the Department of Psychology, University of Stockholm, carried out and evaluated a research program concerning supportive interventions in group with therapeutic direction for hearing parents of deaf and hearing impaired children. The program which was based on a pilot study (Backenroth, 1976) demonstrating an actual need for a psychological supportive program focusing on the parents, was carried out between 1976 and 1979 in different parts of Sweden: Boden, Gävle, Göteborg, Lund, Malmö and Stockholm. Altogether 76 parents constituting eleven groups participated in the program which was financed by Delegationen för Social Forskning, i.e. the Delegation for Social Research. 相似文献
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Gunnel Maria Mohme 《Gender and education》2014,26(4):432-447
This article examines how Muslim girls of Somali origin raised in Sweden imagine their adulthood in regard to career and family life. The theoretical framework is social constructionist in that it assumes that children have agency and are capable and competent actors, in contrast to what has previously been generally assumed about children from ethnic minorities, particularly Muslim girls.
The qualitative study consists of an analysis of girls' essays. The findings reveal that their dreams are both consistent with the expectations of their families (in particular, high educational ambitions) and inspired from elsewhere (particularly in terms of future family life). How the girls imagine their adulthood may be seen as an example of how their original culture is subject to change in a new environment that influences possibilities, the pace of detraditionalisation and the extent of individualisation, all of which are typical characteristics of a society in late modernity. 相似文献