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在配套性财政资助的公式设计中,如何测算配套率是一个十分关键的技术性问题。本文基于Feldstein(1975)所提出的方法,并利用相关县级数据,就中国小学配套性财政资助中的最优配套率进行了测算。本文发现为实现中西部地区小学教育完全的财富中立,高层级政府不仅要为不同的县级地方设定不同水平的配套率,而且还要以一个较高的配套率平均水平,对数量众多的县级地方施以配套性教育财政资助。面对巨大的资助投入需要,高层级政府一方面应继续加强对地方义务教育的财政资助力度,另一方面还应考虑对当前义务教育财政资助体系实施变革,并在未来配套性义务教育财政资助的规划与设计中采取一些有针对性的策略。 相似文献
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世界网球运动发展趋势分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用文献资料、数理统计、逻辑分析等方法.主要结论:世界网球运动正朝着更加积极主动、崇尚进攻、先发制人的方向发展;技术全面、注重精细并富有变化将成为发展潮流;超强的稳定性是网球重要的制胜因素:技术力量与技巧并重的全能型打法将成为未来网坛打法的主流等. 相似文献
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INTRODUCTION When the flexural load-carrying capacities of existing R. C. or P. C. structures are not sufficient for the service loads, structural strengthening becomes necessary. Using steel plates to strengthen concrete members is a traditional method (Raithby, 1980) and is still an important and popular way at the present time. Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets and plates have been used recently as an alternative to steel plates for strengthening concrete structures be-cause th… 相似文献
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本研究尝试在分配正义的理论基础上探讨高中生留学意愿的影响因素.借鉴"运气均等主义"的分配正义理论,将影响高中生留学意愿的因素分为"原生运气"和"选项运气",其中"原生运气"因素包括家庭收入背景、父亲教育水平、家庭居住地(城市、县镇和农村)、性别、民族和家庭是否有海外亲戚;将控制了"原生运气"影响后的期望经济回报视为"选项运气".依照"运气均等主义"理论,"原生运气"影响的不平等结果应被视为非正义的,而"选项运气"影响的结果则被认为不是不正义的.本研究应用香港中文大学对中国大陆七省市高三学生的调查数据,建立有序逻辑回归模型,发现高中生留学意愿不仅受制于"原生运气"的影响,同时也是"选项运气"作用的结果.并且,期望经济回报对高中生留学意愿的影响受制于"原生运气"(家庭收入背景、父亲教育水平和家庭居住地)的作用. 相似文献
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Strengthening reinforced concrete beams using prestressed glass fiber-reinforced polymer-Part Ⅰ: Experimental study 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This work is aimed at studying the strengthening of reinforced concrete (R. C.) beams using prestressed glass fiber-reinforced polymer (PGFRP). Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) has recently become popular for use as repair or rehabilitation material for deteriorated R. C. structures, but because CFRP material is very stiff, the difference in CFRP sheet and concrete material properties is not favorable for transferring the prestress from CFRP sheets to R. C. members. Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets with Modulus of Elasticity quite close to that of concrete was chosen in this study. The load-carrying capacities (ultimate loads) and the deflections of strengthened R. C. beams using GFRP and PGFRP sheets were tested and compared. T- and ⊥-shaped beams were used as the under-strengthened and over-strengthened beams. The GFRP sheets were prestressed to one-half their tensile capacities before being bonded to the T- and l-shaped R. C. beams. The prestressed tension in the PGFRP sheets caused cambers in the R. C. beams without cracks on the tensile faces. The PGFRP sheets also enhanced the load-carrying capacity. The test results indicated that T-shaped beams with GFRP sheets increased in load-carrying capacity by 55% while the same beams with PGFRP sheets could increase load-carrying capacity by 100%. The ⊥-shaped beams with GFRP sheets could increase load-carrying capacity by 97% while the same beams with PGFRP sheets could increase the loading-carrying capacity by 117%. Under the same external loads, beams with GFRP sheets underwent larger deflections than beams with PGFRP sheets. While GFRP sheets strengthen R. C. beams, PGFRP sheets decrease the beams' ductility, especially for the over-strengthened beams (⊥-shaped beams). 相似文献
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LI Na HUNG Kang-hao CHANG Chun-hao 《美中教育评论》2010,7(5):26-33
Technology-supported education has become increasingly important and popular. Although it has long been claimed that a technology-enhanced learning environment is often more motivating than its traditional counterpart, not too many inspiring empirical studies have been carried out. In this article, the traditional approach in the motivation research field and its limitations are reviewed, based on which, a new perspective on motivation, a cognitive-situative approach, emerges. It is argued that this new approach might be more applicable for understanding motivation in technology-supported education settings, thus possibly bringing more implications for pedagogical improvement. The authors also propose a new research methodology be taken for studying motivation from a cognitive-situative perspective. 相似文献
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低氧运动对大鼠促红细胞生成素的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
目的:探讨低氧运动对大鼠血清促红细胞生成素(EPO)浓度及其在肾脏中EPO mRNA基因表达的影响,为高原训练方案的制定提供理论依据。方法:采用ELISA和RT-PCR技术分别测定大鼠血清EPO浓度和肾脏EPO mRNA表达水平。结果:低氧应激后,大鼠血清EPO均显著性升高(p<0.05),大鼠肾脏EPO mRNA表达虽呈上升趋势,但只有急性低氧安静组、急性低氧运动组和急性低氧训练组有显著性升高(p<0.05),而间歇低氧安静组和间歇低氧训练组变化不明显。结论:低氧应激,血清EPO和肾脏EPO mRNA表达升高是机体自我保护机制之一,低氧训练能使血清E-PO升高,可能是低氧环境和运动缺氧共同刺激的结果;而低氧训练后EPO mRNA表达水平变化不明显,可能是4000m海拔高度缺氧的刺激较强烈,对后续的表达造成反馈抑制作用的原因。 相似文献
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麦积山风景区春季鸟类群落结构 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
2002年春季麦积山风景区记录有鸟类67种,隶属8目15科,其中雀形目鸟类55种,占82.09%,麦积山春季鸟类物种丰富度、群落多样性、均匀度和优势度分别为11.7、4.24、0.75和0.035。红嘴蓝鹊(Cissa erythrorhyncha)占整个鸟类群落数量的10.03%,是麦积山春季鸟类的优势种。景区处于我国南北气候的分界线、长江与黄河两大水系的分界线和东洋界与古北界的分界线,这是其鸟类物种多样性较高的原因;而森林层次多样化是其群落多样性较高的原因。 相似文献