多文化团队的效率     

Helga Marburger 《科研管理》2004,25(Z1):140-144

跨文化团队在现今的企业活动中起到很重要的作用.但是由于组织成员的文化背景不同所导致的摩擦和冲突会对创新团队的效力有抑制作用.问题的原因主要是在于对任何团队的构成及绩效首先都要进行一般假设,而这些假设大都是以文化为背景提出来的.所以对于成功进行跨文化团队的协作重要的一点是组织成员应具有一定的跨文化协调能力,这种能力不是通过企业短期的培训就能实现的,而必须通过更加集中的塑造才能实现.本文以每周四小时的一年大学课程为例来说明跨文化协调能力.  相似文献   

Preface to Special Topic: Microfluidics in Drug Delivery     

Brigitte Stadler 《Biomicrofluidics》2015,9(5)

In this special topic of Biomicrofluidics, the importance of microfluidics in the field of drug delivery is highlighted. Different aspects from cell-drug carrier interactions, delivery vehicle assembly to novel drug delivery devices are considered. The contributing reviews and original articles illustrate the synergistic outcomes between these two areas of research with the aim to have a positive impact on biomedical applications.Microfluidics is certainly one of the huge success stories when it comes to anticipated impact and fulfilled promises in academic research environments. Microfluidic approaches are game changers in many disciplines in natural science, including (bio)medical science. In the latter case, the fields of biosensing/diagnostics, tissue engineering, and drug discovery/delivery have benefited from concepts which allow for the fast throughput manipulation of fluids at the submillimeter length scale.A key aim in microfluidic-assisted drug discovery is the development of strategies which will facilitate the identification of potential “hits”—new drugs with the anticipated therapeutic benefit. In this context, “organ(disease)-on-chips” are considered as highly sophisticated in vitro models with lower cost and less ethical issues compared to extensive testing in animals. This technology is still very young with countless research challenges to be addressed and eventually overcome, but the few current reports are promising, and include “gut-on-chip,” “cancer-on-chip,” or “blood vessel-on-chip.” Additionally, intravenously injected drug delivery vehicles are exposed to the blood stream and the induced mechanical forces which are likely to affect their interaction with cells and tissue. Therefore, understanding the diffusion phenomena of biomolecules in microfluidic devices as reviewed by Yesil-Celiktas and coworkers in the current special content is crucial.¹ What is more, the contribution by Hosta-Rigau and colleagues provides a comprehensive overview over the interaction of drug carriers and cells in microfluidic-based systems which deliver a simple, but yet more realistic model of the dynamic in vivo situation.² Further, to illustrate the relevance of shear stress when assessing the potential of nanocarriers for drug delivery applications, we assembled novel block copolymers consisting of poly(cholesteryl acrylate) as the hydrophobic core and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) as the hydrophilic extensions together with lipids into vesicles using the evaporation-rehydration method.³ Following on, we biologically evaluated the assemblies with applied shear stress using macrophages. In a related report by the Chakraborty group, a biocompatible acoustic microfluidic system was outlined including the effect of microbubbles with the applied acoustic field on biological cells.⁴From a different perspective, droplet microfluidics has become a popular method to assemble a huge diversity of particles of different size, shape, and morphology equipped with options for active or passive drug release. Microfluidics provides unique opportunities and flexibility to fabricate decent amounts of mono-disperse drug carriers using monomers, polymers, lipids, or inorganic precursor materials as building blocks. The assembly of size-tunable polymer/lipid particles by Sun et al.,⁵ and the fabrication of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles incorporated within poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) microgels by the Chen group,⁶ provide interesting examples in this context. Further, artefacts associated with this technique have to be addressed and understood to avoid inaccurate and misleading data as reported by Litten et al.⁷ Microfluidic techniques can also be employed for cell encapsulation. Fan et al. demonstrated the trapping of human colon cancer cells in hydrogel particles with preserved viability and response to inflammatory stimuli.⁸Novel drug delivery devices which consider microfluidic concepts and set-ups are an interesting addition to traditional approaches. Implantable drug delivery systems provide an alternative to ensure constant drug level in blood without relying on the compliance of the patient while circumventing challenges involved in oral drug delivery coming from drug instability or limited absorbance among others. Yi and coworkers propose a reservoir approach in combination with a heat responsive valve towards the long term delivery of solid drugs.⁹ What is more, nebulizers, as alternative to inhalers for pulmonary drug delivery, suffer from miniaturization and drug degradation issues. Cortez-Jugo et al. report on a novel portable acoustomicrofluidic device, which successfully nebulized monoclonal antibodies into a fine aerosol mist including the first positive biological evaluation.¹⁰Further, combining microfluidics with sensing concepts as illustrated by Knoll and coworker¹¹ is of importance, since the design of drug delivery vehicles strongly relies on the fundamental understanding of the interaction between biomolecules, cells, and tissue.Taken together, these articles give an overview over the use of microfluidics in the area of drug delivery, which goes beyond the assembly of drug carries, but also provides a platform for their biological evaluation or the design of entirely new drug delivery devices. I hope that this collection of articles will stimulate new ideas and future collaborations between engineers/chemists/physicist and biologists towards the common goal to provide solutions for biomedical challenges. Finally, I would like to thank Professor Leslie Yeo for the invitation to be the guest editor for this special topic, and Christine Urso and other editorial and production staffs of Biomicrofluidics for making it a reality.  相似文献   

Learning to solve ill-defined statistics problems: does self-explanation quality mediate the worked example effect?     

Bichler  Sarah  Stadler  Matthias  Bühner  Markus  Greiff  Samuel  Fischer  Frank 《Instructional Science》2022,50(3):335-359

Instructional Science - Extensive research has established that successful learning from an example is conditional on an important learning activity: self-explanation. Moreover, a model for...  相似文献   

Lost and Found     

Carole Edelsky  Ursula Casanova  Barbara Guzzetti  Sarah Hudelson  Helga Kansy  Irene Serna 《Review of Education, Pedagogy & Cultural Studies》2013,35(3-4):307-315

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Supporting the Narrative Development of Young Children     

Marie?A.?Stadler  Gay?Cuming?WardEmail author 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2005,33(2):73-80

This article presents the developmental continuum of children’s storytelling skills and provides examples at each of five levels: labeling, listing, connecting, sequencing and narrating. The authors connect these developing narrative skills to communication, literacy and cognition. Strategies to facilitate development from one level to another are described.  相似文献   

Experimental university classes and “the best that has been thought”     

Dr. Donald M. Hassler  Helga E. Kaplan 《Innovative Higher Education》1980,5(2):126-134

In the latest in a series of articles on experimental courses at Kent State University, the authors study how students perceive such classes in terms of a liberal arts cultural education versus a values oriented education. The results determine that subject matter interest was the prime motivation for students to enroll in experimental classes. The results also suggest an openness and variety of student interest that seems unaware of a liberal arts core of the best that has been thought.  相似文献   

Zur Bedeutung der sozialwissenschaftlichen Kindheitsforschung für die Grundschullehrerbildung     

Helga Kelle 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2004,7(1):85-102

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The effect of text genre on parent use of joint book reading strategies to promote phonological awareness     

Marie A. Stadler  Mary A. McEvoy 《Early childhood research quarterly》2003,18(4):135

This study compared the rates of different types of joint book reading behaviors of parents of preschool children with and without language impairments using two different text genres. Participants included 72 preschool children between the ages of 51 and 70 months. Fifty-five children were typically developing and 17 were diagnosed with language impairments. Parent–child dyads were videotaped during periods of joint book reading using two different types of text (one alphabet-rhyming and one narrative). Results indicated parents rarely used reading behaviors known to enhance their preschoolers’ phonological awareness. However, when used, there was a significant difference between the two types of texts. The alphabet book elicited a higher rate of phonological awareness and print concept behaviors, while the narrative book resulted in parents using more content behaviors. In addition, the parents of typically developing children used more phonological awareness behaviors than the parents of children with language impairments.  相似文献   

Interaction and gender — Findings of a microethnographical approach to classroom discourse   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Helga Jungwirth 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1991,22(3):263-284

The aim of the present study is to reconstruct teacher-student acting to find out whether there are gender-specific methods of managing classroom situations and gender-related patterns of interaction. The findings reveal that over the long run the gender of the participants is immaterial. There are, however, gender-related modifications of the ordinary interaction patterns. They result from gender-specific practices on the part of the students and from the corresponding actions on the part of the teachers. Five types of gender-related modifications have been reconstructed. The methods which enable students to participate successfully in the interaction process have become more common for the boys than for the girls. Therefore the boys appear more mathematically competent than the girls.  相似文献   

Combined updating on science and pedagogy for experienced teachers     

Helmut Kühnelt  Helga Stadler 《Research in Science Education》1997,27(3):425-444

This paper describes the structure and unique features of an inservice training course for science teachers (Pädagogik und Fachdidaktik für Lehrer, PFL). The course is based on the view that most issues of classroom practice are at the same time issues of pedagogy, methodology and subject knowledge. Therefore, the close connection between the participants' work required during the course and their teaching situation is most important: the teachers selected issues of direct concern to their daily work, performed research on these issues by methods of action research, analysed their findings, took appropriate action and documented the process in written form. They were supported by a team of mentors. A preliminary evaluation indicates a high degree of satisfaction of the participants and provides suggestions for the improvement of initial teacher education. In the PFL-project inservice science teacher education is considered not only an opportunity for professional development of individual teachers, but also a contribution to the development of science education and—in a larger context—school development.  相似文献