A cross-national survey of cultural expectations and sex-role standards in reading     

John Downing  Carol A. Dwyer  Dina Feitelson  Mogens Jansen  Ritva Kemppainen  Hilkka-Liisa Matihaldi  David R. Reggi  Takahiko Sakamoto  Hugh Taylor  Derek V. Thackray  Douglas Thomson 《Journal of Research in Reading》1979,2(1):8-23

Cultural expectations and sex-role standards about reading in Canada, Denmark, England, Finland, Israel, Japan, and U.S.A. were investigated. A picture test showing various activities and objects including reading and books was administered in each country to six sub-samples that approximated to the levels: students in grades I, IV, VIII, and XII, college students, and adults. Subjects had to ascribe the activity or object as being appropriate for either a boy or a girl. The results were consistent with the hypothesis that cultural expectations and sex-role standards about reading are congruent within one country but that they differ between countries. In particular, boys in Canada and the U.S.A. rapidly learn to perceive reading as a feminine activity, whereas Danish and Japanese males at all ages consistently view reading as acceptable masculine behaviour.  相似文献