Response Time Adjustment in the Stop Signal Task: Development in Children and Adolescents     

Annie Dupuis  Maheshan Indralingam  Andre Chevrier  Jennifer Crosbie  Paul Arnold  Christie L. Burton  Russell Schachar 《Child development》2019,90(2):e263-e272

Adjusting speed to maintain fast and accurate performance is critical to goal-directed behavior. This study examined development of response time adjustments in the stop signal task in 13,709 individuals aged 6–17 years (49.0% Caucasian) across four trial types: correct and incorrect go, successful (stop-inhibit), and failed (stop-respond) trials. People sped more after correct than incorrect go responses and slowed more after failed than successful stop trials. Greater slowing after stop-respond but less slowing after stop-inhibit trials was associated with better response inhibition. Response time adjustments were evident in children as young as age 6, developed throughout childhood, and plateaued by age 10. Results were consistent with the predictions of the error detection and shifting goal priority hypotheses for adjustments.  相似文献   

Socialisation into organised sports of young adolescents with a lower socio-economic status     

Niek Pot  Jan Verbeek  Joris van der Zwan  Ivo van Hilvoorde 《Sport, Education and Society》2016,21(3):319-338

Studies investigating sport socialisation often focussed on the barriers for youngsters from lower socio-economic status (SES) families to participate in sport. In the present study, the socialisation into sports of young adolescents from lower SES families that do participate in organised sports was investigated. A total of 9 girls and 12 boys from lower SES families (18 Dutch; three foreign ethnic background) from one city in the Netherlands who participated in organised sport were interviewed. Although multiple agents may be of influence on the socialisation process, this study was limited to the family, school and peers as potential socialising contexts. Drawing on the theoretical work of Bourdieu and Bernstein, parents were found to be the main influencers of the sports habitus of these young adolescents. The school context appeared to have no influence on their sport socialisation. Peers were found to have an influence on the choice for a specific type of sport. This interplay between socialising contexts for young adolescents from lower SES families is similar to the sport socialisation of youngsters from higher SES families. Therefore, it is suggested that if sport socialisation takes place, then the role of SES is less pronounced than often assumed. Moreover, there seem to be differences in the relative importance of the socialising contexts with younger children with a lower SES. Therefore, it is hypothesised that the relative importance of socialising agents changes over time. Although the findings may be limited to the specific sample of this study, they provide hypotheses that challenge the often-presumed importance of SES if sport socialisation takes place.  相似文献   

Group Justice¹— Progress in Regress: Comments on "An Answer to the 'Liberal' Objection to Special Admissions"     

Arnold M. Rothstein 《Educational theory》1980,30(2):151-154

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Methodology of comparative education   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C. Arnold Anderson 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1961,7(1):1-23

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The structure and optimization of speechreading     

Arnold P 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》1997,2(4):199-211

Erber (1988) has claimed that one of the reasons for the ascendancy of hearing aids has been the loss of confidence in speechreading. Speechreading can be of value to those suffering from presbyacusis and other hearing disorders, in augmenting hearing aids and cochlear implants, for large numbers of people in developing countries who are unable to afford electronic aids, and for those in advanced countries who are reluctant to wear an aid. I discuss the structure and the optimization of speechreading. New methods to optimize natural speechreading skills are required that must be based on the structure and nature of speechreading. It has been suggested that speechreading is, to some extent, innate, and so 'hard-wired', which would mean that the effect of long-term training is limited. I critique this view and present a macro-analysis of the experimental literature. I suggest that the innate view may be somewhat overstated.  相似文献   

Laboratory medicine in pandemic of COVID-19     

Leida Tandara  Petra Filipi  Daniela Supe Domic  Branka Kresic  Ivo Ivcic  Sanda Stojanovic Stipic  Zana Rubic  Marijan Tandara 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2022,32(2)

After the outbreak in China in the year 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) quickly spread around the world causing a protracted pandemic. Approximately one-third of infections appear to be asymptomatic. Symptomatic disease is characterized primarily by symptoms of respiratory tract infection of varying severity. But Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is much more than an acute respiratory disease because SARS-CoV-2 affects many organs inducing a vast number of symptoms such as cardiovascular, neurological, gastrointestinal, dermatological, with numerous complications. Short and long-term effects of infection, severe ones, and especially mild forms of the disease which affect a huge number of patients need to be further investigated. Laboratory medicine has a crucial role in early diagnosis of the disease, recognition of the patients who need hospital care, and close monitoring of hospitalized patients to timely identify associated clinical complications as well as follow-up of patients with long-term COVID-19.  相似文献   

Higher education in transition: An international perspective     

C. Arnold Anderson 《Higher Education》1979,8(1):3-8

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Book reviews     

C. Arnold Anderson  John Brennan  Robert H. Rossberg  Noel Entwistle  Max Streit  Gareth Williams  George Psacharopoulos 《Higher Education》1973,2(4):493-500

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Living religion in schools     

Arnold Lloyd M.A. 《British Journal of Religious Education》1941,8(1):26-28

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Progress in Calvert,Texas     

Arnold Payne 《Equity & Excellence in Education》2013,46(1-2):39-40

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