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Jeannette Jefferson Jansky Ph.D. 《Annals of dyslexia》1979,29(1):31-38
Conclusion The concern for specificity in definition on the part of researchers and policy makers is understandable. Those on the line,
confronted by children who need to be helped, and those who have a working familiarity with the complexity of the reading
process, and of the reading disability syndrome, may share my reservations about this specificity: that in defining reading
disability strictly in terms of a significant deviation from IQ restrictions are imposed that may obscure important aspects
and interactions in the clinical picture. I am in favor of careful selection of samples and of persistence in the search for
better defining parameters. Until we have them it may be desirable to operate within looser guidelines and to base treatment
on a careful evaluation of linguistic, cognitive, emotional and cultural functioning, when the aim is to teach individual
children. If Alexander Pope’s admonition (in “An Essay on Criticism,” Part I) is kept in mind we should not go too far astray:
First follow Nature, and your judgment frame By her just standard...
This paper was presented at the pre-conference symposium on the definition of dyslexia at the 29th Annual Conference of the
Orton Society, Minneapolis, November 1978. 相似文献
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It is the argument of this paper that the literature on mid-century racial discrimination in sport is incomplete in that it ignores the experiences of a small, but relatively significant, group of African-American football players who actually chose to leave their own country – and correspondingly leave the racially-charged environment of mid-twentieth-century USA – to head north to play professional football in the Canadian Football League (CFL). Beginning in 1946, a steady flow of African-Americans began to migrate to the CFL which, at the time, was a legitimate competitor league to the NFL. This paper attempts to test a perception seemingly held by some that, by moving to Canada, African-American football players were able to escape the racial injustices they often suffered in the US. This view appears to have its roots in the notion that Canada is a ‘gentler’, more tolerant society, without the divisive socio-political history that characterizes much of the race relations in the US. This paper tests these notions using a variety of empirical approaches. The results indicate that, while African-Americans were better represented in the CFL relative to the NFL, African-Americans still faced some level of entry discrimination in the CFL. In particular, African-American players in the CFL outperformed their white counterparts on numerous performance dimensions, indicating the overall talent level in the CFL could have been further improved by employing an even greater number of African-Americans. Additionally, the paper finds that those CFL teams that employed the highest percentage of African-Americans were those teams that had the most on-field success. Finally, the paper analyses prices of player trading cards from that era, and finds that cards of African-Americans were undervalued, relative to white CFL players of equal talent. 相似文献
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Critical thinking skills are required to successfully navigate the overwhelming amount of information sources available today. To address the challenge of developing critical thinking skills, this empirical study examines the effectiveness of exercises in developing thinking skills in college freshmen students. The workbook exercises were designed to develop specific skills related to academics and critical thinking. Two groups of college freshmen participated in the study: one group was given the workbook, the other group was not. At the end of the semester, both groups completed a critical thinking assessment test. A comparison of the test scores confirms the effectiveness of these exercises on improving the critical thinking skills of college freshmen. 相似文献