Humankind,human nature,and misanthropy     

Kidd  Ian James 《Metascience》2020,29(3):505-508

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Digital Module 16: Longitudinal Data Analysis     

Jeffrey R. Harring  Tessa L. Johnson 《Educational Measurement》2020,39(3):137-138

In this digital ITEMS module, Dr. Jeffrey Harring and Ms. Tessa Johnson introduce the linear mixed effects (LME) model as a flexible general framework for simultaneously modeling continuous repeated measures data with a scientifically defensible function that adequately summarizes both individual change as well as the average response. The module begins with a nontechnical overview of longitudinal data analyses drawing distinctions with cross-sectional analyses in terms of research questions to be addressed. Nuances of longitudinal designs, timing of measurements, and the real possibility of missing data are then discussed. The three interconnected components of the LME model—(1) a model for individual and mean response profiles, (2) a model to characterize the covariation among the time-specific residuals, and (3) a set of models that summarize the extent that individual coefficients vary—are discussed in the context of the set of activities comprising an analysis. Finally, they demonstrate how to estimate the linear mixed effects model within an open-source environment (R). The digital module contains sample R code, diagnostic quiz questions, hands-on activities in R, curated resources, and a glossary.  相似文献   

Governance and Decision–making in Smaller Colleges     

Ian McNay 《Higher Education Quarterly》2002,56(3):303-315

A small pilot project suggests that the governance of smaller colleges differs significantly from that of large universities, including the former polytechnics which were incorporated at the same time. The differences do not only relate to size, even though small size allows greater contact between governors and academic activities in their role in relation to 'the general educational character' of an institution. Small size also creates possibilities of a 'drift' to a greater role for governors in management rather than governance, and key issues emerge of role boundaries and relationships with staff. Smaller colleges have other factors affecting governance. Some have particular specialisms – music, art, land–based industries and so on – with their own cultures, shifting employment contexts, and considerable overlap between professionals inside and outside the colleges. The history of some as church colleges also continues to have influence. In general, their size allows a more 'familial' climate in decision–making, but that, too, has strengths and weaknesses.  相似文献   

On Shifting Ground: the post‐paradigm identity of US comparative education, 1979‐88 [1]     

Heidi Ross  Cho‐Yee To  William Cave  David E. Bair 《Compare》1992,22(2):113-131

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Severe Learning Difficulties in Northern Ireland: Leaving School     

Ian Wells 《British Journal of Special Education》1991,18(2):63-66

Responsibility for pupils with severe learning difficulties in Northern Ireland was only recently taken by the education authorities. The findings of research into the school leaving arrangements are described by Dr Ian Wells, senior research officer with the Northern Ireland Council for Educational Research (NICER), Belfast.  相似文献   

Journal Pricing in a Changing World: New Directions,New Issues     

Ian D. Crane 《Learned Publishing》1993,6(3):40-40

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Effects of light refraction on the accuracy of camera calibration and reconstruction in underwater motion analysis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kwon YH  Casebolt JB 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2006,5(2):315-340

One of the most serious obstacles to accurate quantification of the underwater motion of a swimmer's body is image deformation caused by refraction. Refraction occurs at the water-air interface plane (glass) owing to the density difference. Camera calibration-reconstruction algorithms commonly used in aquatic research do not have the capability to correct this refraction-induced nonlinear image deformation and produce large reconstruction errors. The aim of this paper is to provide a thorough review of: the nature of the refraction-induced image deformation and its behaviour in underwater object-space plane reconstruction; the intrinsic shortcomings of the Direct Linear Transformation (DLT) method in underwater motion analysis; experimental conditions that interact with refraction; and alternative algorithms and strategies that can be used to improve the calibration-reconstruction accuracy. Although it is impossible to remove the refraction error completely in conventional camera calibration-reconstruction methods, it is possible to improve the accuracy to some extent by manipulating experimental conditions or calibration frame characteristics. Alternative algorithms, such as the localized DLT and the double-plane method are also available for error reduction. The ultimate solution for the refraction problem is to develop underwater camera calibration and reconstruction algorithms that have the capability to correct refraction.  相似文献   

Effects of Mass and Interpersonal Communication on Breast Cancer Screening: Advancing Agenda-Setting Theory in Health Contexts     

Karyn Ogata Jones  Bryan E. Denham  Jeffrey K. Springston 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2006,34(1):94-113

Drawing on components of agenda-setting theory and the two-step flow of information from mass media to news audiences, this study examines the effects of mass and interpersonal communication on breast cancer screening practices among college- and middle-aged women (n = 284). We theorized that screening behaviors among younger women would be influenced more by interpersonal sources of information while screening among middle-aged women would be more influenced by exposure to mass-mediated information. Findings supported anticipated patterns, revealing important and varying roles for both mass and interpersonal communication in the health behaviors of women. Implications for health practitioners and campaign planners, as well as recommendations for future research, are discussed.  相似文献   

Scholarly communication in the digital environment: what do authors want?     

Ian Rowlands  Dave Nicholas  Paul Huntington 《Learned Publishing》2004,17(4):261-273

This article reports on a large‐scale international survey of authors' perception and experience of the journals system conducted by ciber in association with National Opinion Polls (NOP). It explores the factors that inform authors' decisions where to publish and, in particular, which groups of readers they perceive to be most important. It probes readership behaviour and the values that underlie authors' attitudes towards copyright and emerging business models, notably open access. It is concluded that many aspects of author behaviour are highly conservative and that a significant shift towards open access is, in the short to medium term, highly unlikely.  相似文献   

F2F connection: a community health information needs assessment of Texas families who have children with chronic illnesses and/or disabilities and their care providers.     

Jeffrey T Huber  Jill D Dietrich  Eve Cugini  Shannon Burke 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2005,93(2):278-281

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