DOES THE PROGRAMME MATTER? APPROACH AND MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE KASSEL GRADUATE SURVEY     

Harald Schomburg  Ulrich Teichler 《Higher Education in Europe》1993,18(2):37-58

This study attempts to establish the extent to which study programmes and study conditions within selected fields of study vary among institutions of higher education in the Federal Republic of Germany and the extent to which diversification has an impact on the careers and work assignments of graduates. All persons who graduated during the 1983‐1984 and 1984‐1985 academic years in mechanical engineering, economics/business, and social work from seven institutions of higher education were surveyed during their final year of study, again in a longitudinal study two years after graduation, and finally, four to five years after graduation. The authors come to the conclusion that the vertical diversification of higher education in the Federal Republic of Germany has had a less pronounced effect on the careers of graduates, over the last few years, than had been expected. No dominant elements of study programmes and study conditions could be identified which might explain study outcomes, careers, and job assignments.  相似文献   

Graduate Employment: Challenges for Higher Education in the Twenty‐First Century∗     

Ulrich Teichler 《Higher Education in Europe》1997,22(1):75-84

The employment prospects for most higher education graduates worldwide are bleak for a number of reasons including the negative effects of the massification of higher education, rapid technological change, the crisis in the conception of work in highly developed societies, and the neo‐liberal political and economic agenda. A number of survival strategies are proposed to students as well as ways to improve the link between employers and higher education institutions so as to improve the study/future employment match. Students are advised to be flexible, able and willing to innovate, entrepreneurial, proactive, and not only to be willing to take risks but to consider risk and uncertainty as forms of opportunity.

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Equality and excellence. Hegemonic discourses of economisation within the German education system     

Tobias Peter  Ulrich Bröckling 《International Studies in Sociology of Education》2017,26(3):231-247

Looking to conflicting constitutions of education systems through the terms equality and excellence, this paper examines the discursive formation of two political rationalities in the contemporary German education system. While early childhood and primary education discourses are dominated by a terminology of equality, tertiary education institutions such as universities are described using a terminology of excellence that has become a reference point for political interventions and institutional reform processes. Drawing from hegemony theory, governmentality studies and systems theory, this paper analyses the rules of justification referred to by such hegemonic discourses. It presents a policy discourse analysis of strategic, conceptional and institutional texts produced between 2003 and 2010. Through this analysis, the paper suggests that ‘mobilising’ and ‘optimising’ represent the common principles of equality and excellence as economic rationalities.  相似文献   

Graduate Employment and Work in europe: Diverse Situations and Common Perceptions     

Teichler  Ulrich 《Tertiary Education and Management》2002,8(3):199-216

The relationships between higher education and the world of work are viewed, principally, as similar in economically advanced societies. The comparative study `Higher Education and Graduate Employment in Europe', however, indicates substantial differences between European countries as regards transition to employment, as well as the employment and work situation, according to objective and subjective measures. The analysis is based on a survey of more than 30,000 graduates from 10 European countries about 3–4 years after graduation. The findings suggest that only a minority of 10–20% of graduates face substantial problems on the labour market or end up in positions not commensurate with their level of education. There is a clear North-South differential in Europe with respect to transition and objective employment measures, while the pattern is moredifferentiated with respect to the perceivedutilisation of knowledge, the self-ratedadequacy of position and the job satisfaction.  相似文献   

Spannungsfeld Polyvalenz in der Lehrerbildung     

Dr. Johannes Bauer  Dr. Uta Diercks  Prof. Dr. Jan Retelsdorf  Dr. Tabea Kauper  Dr. Friederike Zimmermann  Prof. Dr. Olaf K?ller  Dr. Jens M?ller  Prof. Dr. Manfred Prenzel 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2011,14(4):629-649

The Bologna Process of higher education reform has led to a vast array of different programs of study in German teacher training. In this article, we firstly analyze the implementation of Bachelor programs in teacher training, comparing profession-oriented programs (i.e. those aiming to train students for the teaching profession from the beginning of studies) to polyvalent programs (i.e. those aiming at broad qualifications and including a late decision to become a teacher). Secondly, we investigate whether students enrolled in these study programs differ systematically in their subjective certainty about their career choice. To answer these questions, we analyze portfolios of documents related to teacher training programs from nine German universities that prepare students for teaching in the academic track. Additionally, we analyze data from N?=?2585 Bachelor and N?=?928 Master degree students. We found that most programs, even when they espouse polyvalence, require an early decision to become a teacher. Moreover, our data confirm findings from earlier studies indicating that student teachers are highly certain about their career choice from the very beginning, with students in polyvalent programs being slightly less certain than those in profession-oriented programs (d?=?0.32).  相似文献   

Classroom action research on formative assessment in a context-based chemistry course     

Johannes Vogelzang  Wilfried F. Admiraal 《Educational Action Research》2017,25(1):155-166

Context-based science courses stimulate students to reconstruct the information presented by connecting to their prior knowledge and experiences. However, students need support. Formative assessments inform both teacher and students about students’ knowledge deficiencies and misconceptions and how students can be supported. Research on formative assessments suggests a positive impact on students’ science achievement, although its success depends on how the formative assessment is implemented in class. The aim of this study was to provide insights into the effects of formative assessments on achievement during a context-based chemistry course on lactic acid. In a classroom action research setting, a pre-test/post-test control group design with switching replications was applied. Student achievement was measured in two pre-tests, two post-tests and a retention test. Participants were Grade 9 students from one secondary school in the Netherlands. Repeated-measures analysis showed a significant effect of formative assessments on students’ achievement. During the implementation of the formative assessments, intriguing discussions emerged between students, between students and teacher, and between teachers. Adding formative assessments to context-based approaches reinforces their strength to meet with the current challenges of chemistry education. Formative assessments affect students’ achievement positively and stimulate feedback between students and teacher(s).  相似文献   

4. Ingrid Lohmann/Rainer Rilling (Hrsg.): Die verkaufte Bildung. Kritik und Kontroversen zur Kommerzialisierung von Schule, Weiterbildung. Erziehung und Wissenschaftst     

Johannes Bellmann 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2002,5(2):350-353

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Longitudinal study of preadolescent sport self-concept and performance: reciprocal effects and causal ordering     

Marsh HW  Gerlach E  Trautwein U  Lüdtke O  Brettschneider WD 《Child development》2007,78(6):1640-1656

Do preadolescent sport self-concepts influence subsequent sport performance? Longitudinal data (Grades 3, 4, and 6) for young boys and girls (N= 1,135; mean age = 9.67) were used to test reciprocal effects model (REM) predictions that sport self-concept is both a cause and a consequence of sport accomplishments. Controlling prior sport performance (performance-based measures and teacher assessments), prior sport self-concept had positive effects on subsequent sport performance in both Grade 4 and Grade 6 and for both boys and girls. Coupled with previous REM studies of adolescents in the academic domain, this first test for preadolescents in the sport domain supports the generalizability of REM predictions over gender, self-concept domain, preadolescent ages, and the transition from primary to secondary school.  相似文献   

Die moralischen Rechte von Kindern     

Johannes Giesinger 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2007,53(1):73-91

THE MORAL RIGHTS OF CHILDREN – Most people today believe that children should be accorded legal or moral rights. In the course of the past few decades, however, objections to this view have been repeatedly raised. According to one objection, it is inappropriate for children to be the bearers of rights. Another group of objectors say that children’s interests are not being served if rights are allocated to them. This paper acknowledges that rights alone are not enough to protect children’s basic needs and interests in full. It is therefore inappropriate to resort to exclusively rights-based language when referring to the relationship between parents and children. Nevertheless, as this paper argues, it is advisable to provide children with moral rights. In response to the initial objection, a concept of rights is put forward which enables children, like adults, to be considered as the bearers of rights.

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Zusammenfassung Es ist heute selbstverst?ndlich, Kindern legale oder moralische Rechte zuzuschreiben. Gegen den breit abgestützten Konsens in dieser Frage sind in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten jedoch immer wieder Einw?nde laut geworden. Nach einem ersten Einwand sind Kinder als Tr?ger von Rechten ungeeignet. Eine zweite Gruppe von Einw?nden besagt, dass den Belangen von Kindern nicht gedient ist, wenn ihnen Rechte zugeschrieben werden. In diesem Aufsatz wird einger?umt, dass durch Rechte nicht alle grundlegenden Bedürfnisse oder Interessen von Kindern geschützt werden k?nnen. Es ist deshalb unangemessen, in Bezug auf die Eltern-Kind-Beziehung ausschlie?lich die Sprache der Rechte zu verwenden. Trotzdem, so die hier vertretene These, ist es sinnvoll, Kinder mit moralischen Rechten auszustatten. Als Reaktion auf den ersten Einwand wird ein Verst?ndnis von Rechten vorgeschlagen, das es erlaubt, auch Kinder als Tr?ger von Rechten zu sehen.

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Resumen LOS DERECHOS MORALES DE LOS NI?OS – Hoy en día, el reconocimiento de los derechos legales o morales de los ni?os es algo sobreentendido. Sin embargo, y contrariamente al consenso general que los apoya, siempre se han vuelto a plantear cuestionamientos en cuanto a esta temática durante los últimos decenios. Hay quienes argumentan que los ni?os no son adecuados como sujetos de derecho, y un segundo grupo de objetores opinan que el hecho de reconocer derechos para los ni?os no sirve a los intereses infantiles. En este trabajo se admite que los derechos no pueden proteger la totalidad de los intereses o necesidades de los ni?os, y que por eso es inadecuado utilizar solamente el lenguaje de derecho con respecto a las relaciones paterno-filiales. No obstante, según la tesis de este trabajo, es razonable que a los ni?os se les confieran derechos morales. Como reacción a la primera objeción, se propone un concepto de derecho que permita reconocer también a los ni?os como sujetos de derecho.

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Résumé LES DROITS MORAUX DES ENFANTS – La plupart des gens croient aujourd’hui que l’on devrait accorder des droits légaux ou moraux aux enfants. Au cours des dernières décennies, cependant, il y eut plusieurs objections formulées à cette vision des choses. Selon une objection, il ne convient pas que les enfants soient les sujets des droits. Un autre groupe d’objecteurs dit que les intérêts des enfants ne sont pas servis si on leur assigne des droits. Cet article reconna?t que les droits ne suffisent pas pour protéger complètement les besoins et les intérêts fondamentaux des enfants. Il est donc impropre de recourir au language exclusivement légal pour en référer au rapport entre les parents et les enfants. Néanmoins, ainsi que cet article le soutient, il est recommandé de fournir aux enfants des droits moraux. En réponse à l’objection initiale, on propose un concept de droits permettant aux enfants d’être considérés comme sujets des droits, comme des adultes.

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Der Autor Johannes Giesinger, Dr. phil., geboren 1972, Studium der Philosophie und P?dagogik an der Universit?t Zürich. T?tigkeit als Gymnasiallehrer für Philosophie. Promotion (2005) mit einer Arbeit zur Frage des p?dagogischen Paternalismus. Publikationst?tigkeit in den Bereichen Philosophiedidaktik und Bildungsphilosophie. Adresse: St.Georgenstrasse 181a, CH-9011 St. Gallen. E-mail: giesinger@st.gallen.ch  相似文献   

Acquiring Clinical Knowledge from an Online Video Platform: A Randomized Controlled Experiment on the Relevance of Integrating Anatomical Information and Clinical Practice     

Johannes Grosser  Martina Bientzle  Thomas Shiozawa  Bernhard Hirt  Joachim Kimmerle 《Anatomical sciences education》2019,12(5):478-484

Basic subjects in medical education, such as anatomy, are often taught through teaching formats that do not always sufficiently demonstrate the relevance of this basic information for clinical practice. Accordingly, it is a recent trend in anatomy education to link anatomical information more explicitly to clinical practice. This article presents an online video platform (Tuebingen’s Sectio Chirurgica [TSC]) as one means of explicitly integrating preclinical anatomical knowledge and clinical application. The purpose of the study presented here was to examine the effects of videos through which medical students were educated about Anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction. A TSC video about this surgical procedure was compared to a video with a traditional lecture providing the identical information. Participants (n = 114) perceived the TSC video to be superior in comprehensibility of the presentation (P = 0.003) and conceivability of the surgical procedure (P = 0.027), and to be more entertaining (P < 0.001). Moreover, participants in the TSC condition acquired more clinical knowledge than in the lecture condition (P = 0.043) but did not differ in their acquisition of anatomical knowledge. Mediation analyses indicated that the effect on the acquisition of clinical knowledge was mediated by comprehensibility, conceivability, and entertainment. These findings are discussed regarding their implications for medical education in terms of contributing to the general trend of linking preclinical anatomical knowledge to clinical application. A discussion about the limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are also provided.  相似文献