The effect of different chunking strategies in complementing animated instruction     

Mine Munyofu  William J. Swain  Bradley D. Ausman  Huifen Lin  Khusro Kidwai  Francis Dwyer 《Learning, Media and Technology》2007,32(4):407-419

The purpose of this exploratory and small‐scale study was to examine the instructional effects of different chunking strategies used to complement animated instruction in terms of facilitating achievement of higher order learning objectives. Eighty‐five students were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: animated program instruction, simple visual‐text (static images and verbal explanation) chunked animated program instruction and the animated complex visual‐text chunked program instruction. The difference between simple and complex chunked instructions is the content. Simple chunks only deal with one content area while the complex chunks explain two or more related content areas. Students interacted with their respective web‐based instructional treatments and completed four criterion measures. Results (ANOVA) indicated that significant differences in achievement were found to exist in facilitating higher order learning objectives when chunking strategies were specifically designed and positioned to complement the animated instruction. Results also indicated that complex chunking is more effective in reducing the cognitive load present in an animated instructional environment, and that students need prerequisite knowledge before being able to profit from animated instruction designed to facilitate higher order learning outcomes.  相似文献   

A study on interaction of Aluminium with rat intestinal brush border membrane     

Farzana Bano  A. M. Kidwai  R. K. Upreti  R. K. Singh 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1994,9(2):109-111

The present studies with aluminium chloride given in drinking water showed marked inhibition in the activities of intestinal brush border membrane marker enzymes, namely alkaline phosphatase, acetyl cholinesterase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and sucrase. Moreover, a significant depression in the levels of membrane constituents, viz phospholipids, cholesterol, hexoses and sialic acid following aluminium chloride treatment was also observed. On the basis of these studies it may be concluded that if aluminium is taken in high quantities it may alter the structure and functioning of the intestinal brush border membrane, which in turn may lead to the improper digestion and reduced nutrient uptake from the small intestine.  相似文献