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Design, implementation, and re-engineering of operating systems are still an ambitious undertaking. Despite, or even because, of the long history of theory and practice in this field, adapting existing systems to environments of different conditions and requirements as originally specified or assumed, in terms of functional and/or non-functional respects, is anything but simple. Especially this is true for the embedded systems domain which, on the one hand, calls for highly specialized and application-aware system abstractions and, on the other hand, cares a great deal for easily reusable implementations of these abstractions. The latter aspect becomes more and more important as embedded systems technology is faced with an innovation cycle decreasing in length. Software for embedded systems needs to be designed for variability, and this is in particular true for the operating systems of this domain. The paper discusses dimensions of variability that need to be considered in the development of embedded operating systems and presents approaches that aid construction and maintenance of evolutionary operating systems. CR subject classification  C.3; D.2.11; D.2.13; D.4.7  相似文献   
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Early Childhood Education Journal - The COVID-19 pandemic changed the way that schools provide instruction to learners and these changes may last for an extended period of time. One current trend...  相似文献   
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Unter Verwendung neuen Quellenmaterials wird in ideen-und sozialgeschichtlicher Perspektive der Prozess bürgerlicher Modernisierung in der preu?ischen Judenschaft zur Zeit der Sp?taufkl?rung in Berlin beleuchtet. Im Zentrum der Darstellung stehen zun?chst die durch ?nderung des Rechtsstatus entstandene, neue ?konomische Elite als Tr?ger der jüdischen Aufkl?rung sowie Aspekte der um 1800 zu verzeichnenden S?kularisierungskrise. Sodann werden die zeitgen?ssischen ideologischen Auseinandersetzungen um die Interpretation der heiligen Schriften und die richtige Art der religi?sen Unterweisung umrissen, ferner die Akzentverschiebungen aufgezeigt, die jüdische Aufkl?rer hier im Sinne einer P?dagogisierung bewirkten. Dabei bezieht sich die Darstellung verschiedentlich auf den Schulkampf, der zwischen etwa 1780 und 1830 Schauplatz für und wider Modernisierung und S?kularisierung war.  相似文献   
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Pigeons were trained in a conditional discrimination paradigm to differentiate successively presented visual arrays according to the relative number of their elements. Transfer tests with novel stimuli demonstrated that they discriminated the categories of “many” (6 or 7) from “few” (1 or 2) items. In further tests, other new stimuli were introduced that consisted not only of these training numerosities, but also of the intervening ones (3, 4, and 5). Variations in the birds’ discrimination performance corresponded to the order of stimuli on a numerosity dimension. This serial ordering was maintained when other factors such as brightness, size, shape, area, and contour of the elements were systematically controlled across tests. Smaller numerosities were somewhat better discriminated than those at the higher end of this test range.  相似文献   
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Research has identified stable and dynamic characteristics in child sexual abusers working with children (CSA-W) that may distinguish them from other child sexual abusers (CSA). However, in previous research CSA-W have usually been included in the group of extra-familial CSA (CSA-E). Two hundred and forty-eight forensic-sexological reports about CSA conducted by the Federal Evaluation Centre for Violent and Sexual Offenders in the Austrian Prison System were evaluated retrospectively. One hundred and nineteen intra-familial CSA (CSA-I), 66 CSA-E, and 38 CSA-W were compared with regard to static risk factors, indicators of psychopathy, and pedophilic sexual interests. CSA-E had the highest risk of recidivism as measured by the Static-99 total score, followed by CSA-W. Furthermore, CSA-E had more previous convictions than CSA-W. Both CSA-E and CSA-I had higher total scores on the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised than CSA-W. CSA-W had the highest prevalence of pedophilia diagnoses according to DSM-IV-TR criteria, as well as the highest rate of pedophilia with an orientation toward male children, and the highest frequency of male victims. CSA-W also had the highest total scores in the Screening Scale for Pedophilic Interests. CSA-W seem to constitute a group with particular risk factors and criminogenic needs, that is, they show more indicators of pedophilic sexual interests but less general antisociality and psychopathy, and would thus seem to be distinguishable from other CSA. Future research should focus in particular on evaluating differences in the grooming strategies used by CSA-W to commit and disclose child sexual abuse, as well as on the resources of this particular offender group.  相似文献   
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In Germany, the main datasets available for addressing empirical educational research questions are cross-sectional data, which are often supplemented by state-specific or group-specific longitudinal surveys. The latter are usually focused on specific transitions in the educational system. The challenge of an approach to educational research that takes the perspective of life-course theory, however, lies in analyzing educational and competency development across the entire life span and the dependence of these processes on institutional and individual environment contexts. The present paper shows the opportunities that the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), a household and individual survey now running for over 25 years, offers for empirical educational research aimed at confronting such research challenges. In addition to outlining the available educational information and methodological innovations in the SOEP’s education-related survey program, we also describe the survey’s comparative strengths, particularly for educational analyses stretching ‘from the cradle to the grave’ and dealing with intergenerational and familial contexts.  相似文献   
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The development of pedagogical science in eighteenth‐century Germany unfolded in close connection with the emergence of the modern bourgeoisie and its emancipation from a still absolutist society. While social and political structures in Britain and France were changed by revolutions, the relative weakness of the German bourgeoisie led to the adoption of a reformist strategy to effect social modernization. In this context, pedagogics, education, schools and schooling became a vital means of political and economic transformation towards a modern, bourgeois‐capitalist society. Therein the emergence of modern pedagogical thought and the development of the bourgeoisie were mutual preconditions: several initially quite disparate strands of thought coalesced to form a new pedagogical thinking in Germany during the later Enlightenment. The essay reconstructs how new thinking emerged by charting the integration of two bodies of knowledge into this renewal and refounding of pedagogics: the transformation of elements of rhetoric into building blocks of modern pedagogical thought, on the one hand, and of gender anthropology as its foundation, on the other.  相似文献   
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Streaming is an increasingly popular delivery method for audiovisual content in higher education and has been embraced by many libraries, sometimes without sufficient communication with faculty. The authors developed a survey with the primary purpose of determining whether faculty on their campus were aware of the library's streaming video services and what barriers might be preventing wider use. The study sought to gather contextual information on faculty preferences, interests, and awareness regarding library media collections, audiovisual delivery formats, and the use of streaming video for instruction. This information will inform actions and decisions about collections and outreach.  相似文献   
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