国际组织教育政策监测与评价体系的架构及其对中国的启示     

路德维珂·科拉罗  胡咏梅  梁文艳 《比较教育研究》2011,(2):70-75

中国公共教育政策过程以自上而下的线性模式为主,监测与评价在政策过程中发挥的作用非常有限。相比而言,世界银行等国际组织通过实施监测与评价,调整并完善政策、提高政策成效、为未来相关政策积累经验,监测与评价已成为教育政策过程中必不可少的管理工具。本文从概念、作用、系统框架三方面介绍了国际组织在教育政策过程中广泛实施的监测与评价,希望能开创中国教育政策评价和管理工作的新思路,引起相关政府部门对教育政策监测、评价的重视,建立独立的政策监测与评价机构,设立政策监测与评价的专项基金,逐步在整个公共教育领域建立政策的监测与评价系统。  相似文献   

Connecting user and item perspectives in popularity debiasing for collaborative recommendation     

Ludovico Boratto  Gianni Fenu  Mirko Marras 《Information processing & management》2021,58(1):102387

Recommender systems learn from historical users’ feedback that is often non-uniformly distributed across items. As a consequence, these systems may end up suggesting popular items more than niche items progressively, even when the latter would be of interest for users. This can hamper several core qualities of the recommended lists (e.g., novelty, coverage, diversity), impacting on the future success of the underlying platform itself. In this paper, we formalize two novel metrics that quantify how much a recommender system equally treats items along the popularity tail. The first one encourages equal probability of being recommended across items, while the second one encourages true positive rates for items to be equal. We characterize the recommendations of representative algorithms by means of the proposed metrics, and we show that the item probability of being recommended and the item true positive rate are biased against the item popularity. To promote a more equal treatment of items along the popularity tail, we propose an in-processing approach aimed at minimizing the biased correlation between user-item relevance and item popularity. Extensive experiments show that, with small losses in accuracy, our popularity-mitigation approach leads to important gains in beyond-accuracy recommendation quality.  相似文献   

The effect of performance-oriented funding in higher education: evidence from the staff recruitment budget in Italian higher education     

Fadda  Nicoletta  Marinò  Ludovico  Pischedda  Gianfranco  Ezza  Alberto 《Higher Education》2022,83(5):1003-1019

Higher Education - This study, which aims to investigate some potential effects derived from the adoption of performance-oriented funding in the higher education system, is focused on competitive...  相似文献   

Steps towards an ecology of money infrastructures: materiality and cultures of Ripple     

Ludovico Rella 《Journal of Cultural Economy》2020,13(2):236-249

ABSTRACT

Money’s materiality produces an ontological conundrum for social theory: should the analysis of money foreground the objects used as money, or the abstract relations that underpin it? Provoked by the emergence of cryptocurrencies, this paper develops a conceptualization of money as a technological and social infrastructure which directly addresses this theoretical impasse. Cryptocurrencies’ sole form of material existence coincides with their underpinning infrastructure of records, accounting and payments. In the past decade, cryptocurrencies have skyrocketed in number, and they have been applied to a host of use cases. This paper focuses on cross-border payments through the example of the fintech company Ripple, the cryptocurrency XRP, and the design of the XRP Ledger. Combining literatures from the social theory of money, science and technology studies and new materialisms, this article develops steps towards an ecological conceptualization of money infrastructures. Infrastructures, understood ecologically, include devices, active forms, and imaginaries in seamless webs of mutual relations of co-evolution. These ecologies are always potentially prone to slippage, dissolution, disassembling, reassembling and reappropriation, dependence, and competition.  相似文献