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Rocío Cupeiro Miguel A. Rojo-Tirado Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez Enrique G. Artero Ana B. Peinado Idoia Labayen 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(13):1506-1515
ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to investigate the existence of a relative age effect (RAE) on physical fitness of preschoolers. Anthropometry and physical fitness were assessed in 3147 children (3–5 years old) using the PREFIT battery. Based on the birth year, participants were divided into 3year groups (3-, 4- and 5-years). Within each year group, 4quarter groups were created: quarter 1, preschoolers born from January to March; quarter 2, from April to June; quarter 3, from July to September; quarter 4, from October to December. The MANCOVA analysis revealed a main effect of year group (Wilks’ λ = 0.383; F10,5996 = 369.64; p < 0.001, ηp 2 = 0.381) and of quarter (Wilks’ λ = 0.874; F15,8276.6 = 27.67; p < 0.001; ηp 2 = 0.044) over the whole battery of tests. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the existence of RAE at the preschool stage. In general, performance improved as the relative age increased (i.e., those born in quarter 1 performed better than those in the other quarters). Individualization strategies should be addressed within the same academic year not only in elementary or secondary years but also in preschoolers. 相似文献
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Difrisco E Goodman KE Budin WC Lilienthal MW Kleinman A Holmes B 《The Journal of perinatal education》2011,20(1):28-35
Substantial evidence documents the superiority of breastfeeding for mothers and breastmilk for babies. Although the American Academy of Pediatrics and the U.S. Healthy People 2010 initiative promote breastfeeding, current breastfeeding rates often fall short of recommendations. This study determined factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding 2 to 4 weeks following discharge from a large, urban, academic medical center striving for Baby-Friendly designation. Results indicated that mothers who breastfed within the first hour of birth (61%) were significantly more likely to be exclusively breastfeeding 2 to 4 weeks after discharge. Incorporating care practices that include a number of the "Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding," as recommended by the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, may increase the duration of exclusive breastfeeding after discharge. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to ascertain health sciences librarians' attitudes toward the Academy of Health Information Professionals (AHIP). SAMPLE: Systematic sampling was used to select 210 names from the list of members of the Midwest Chapter of the Medical Library Association. METHODS: A questionnaire containing open- and closed-ended questions was used to collect the data. RESULTS: A total of 135 usable questionnaires were returned. Of the respondents, 34.8% are members of the academy and most are at the senior or distinguished member levels. The academy gives them a sense of professionalism and helps them to keep current with new trends. The majority of participants (65.2%) are not members of the academy. Among the various reasons proffered are that neither institutions nor employers require it and that there is no obvious benefit to belonging to the academy. CONCLUSIONS: More research needs to be done with a larger sample size to determine the attitudes of health sciences librarians, nationwide, toward the academy. 相似文献
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Vanesa España Romero Jonatan R. Ruiz Francisco B. Ortega Enrique G. Artero Germán Vicente-Rodríguez Luis A. Moreno 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(5):469-477
Abstract The aim of this study was to compare equations for estimating percentage body fat from skinfold thickness in elite sport climbers by assessing their agreement with percentage body fat measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Skinfold thickness was measured in a convenience sample of 19 elite sport climbers [9 women and 10 men; mean age 31.2 years (s = 5.0) and 28.6 years (s = 3.6), respectively]. Percentage body fat was estimated using 17 different equations, and it was also measured by DXA. A significant inter-methods difference was observed for all equations, except for Durnin's equation in men (inter-methods difference: ?0.57% and ?0.29%; 1.96 s: 5.56 and 5.23 for Siri's and Brozek's equation, respectively) and women (inter-methods difference: ?0.67% and ?1.29% for Siri's and Brozek's equation, respectively), and for Wilmore's equation using Siri's body fat equation in women (inter-methods difference: ?1.86%). In women, the limits of agreement were lower when using Durnin's equation compared with Wilmore's equation (1.96 s: 3.86% and 5.13%, respectively). In conclusion, of the 17 studied equations, Durnin's equation was the most accurate in estimating percentage body fat in both male and female elite climbers. Therefore, Durnin's equation could be used to assess percentage body fat in elite sport climbers if more accurate methods are not available. The generalizability of the results is limited by the fact that the sample was not selected at random. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to examine what kinds of conceptions of entrepreneurial learning engineering students expressed in an entrepreneurship course integrated in their study programme. The data were collected during an entrepreneurship course in Estonia that was organised for fourth-year engineering students, using video-recorded group interviews (N?=?48) and individual in-depth interviews (N?=?16). As a result of the phenomenographic analysis, four qualitatively distinctive conceptions of entrepreneurial learning were discerned. Entrepreneurial learning was seen to involve (1) applying entrepreneurial ideas to engineering, (2) understanding entrepreneurial issues in a new way, (3) action-oriented personal development, and (4) self-realising through collective effort. These qualitatively distinct categories differed from each other in four dimensions of variation: nature of learning, response to pedagogy, relation to teamwork, and learning outcomes. 相似文献
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Alberto Soriano-Maldonado Enrique G. Artero Víctor Segura-Jiménez Virgina A. Aparicio Fernando Estévez-López Inmaculada C. Álvarez-Gallardo 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(18):1731-1739
This study assessed the association of fitness and fatness with cognitive function in women with fibromyalgia, and the independent influence of their single components on cognitive tasks. A total of 468 women with fibromyalgia were included. Speed of information processing and working memory (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task), as well as immediate and delayed recall, verbal learning and delayed recognition (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test) were assessed. Aerobic fitness, muscle strength, flexibility and motor agility were assessed with the Senior Fitness Test battery. Body mass index, percent body fat, fat-mass index and waist circumference were measured. Aerobic fitness was associated with attention and working memory (all, p < 0.05). All fitness components were generally associated with delayed recall, verbal learning and delayed recognition (all, p < 0.05). Aerobic fitness showed the most powerful association with attention, working memory, delayed recall and verbal learning, while motor agility was the most powerful indicator of delayed recognition. None of the fatness parameters were associated with any of the outcomes (all, p > 0.05). Our results suggest that fitness, but not fatness, is associated with cognitive function in women with fibromyalgia. Aerobic fitness appears to be the most powerful fitness component regarding the cognitive tasks evaluated. 相似文献
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Marge Engelman 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(2-3):165-173
Little work has been done in the development of creativity in older adults. The limited research seems to support the notion that older people are not as creative as younger people. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether or not creative behavior as measured by Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking can be increased in older adult women through a creative problem‐solving program. The major hypothesis under investigation was: The use of a specific problem‐solving program designed to increase certain creative thinking abilities will increase those abilities at a significant level in older adult women. Forty women volunteers, ranging in age from 60 to 82, participated in the six‐week program. Experimental subjects did not score significantly higher on the Torrance tests than the control subjects who had not participated in the program. However, information collected via the teacher's log and a questionnaire given to the subjects at the end of the class showed that the experience was unusually positive and creatively beneficial. It is concluded that the program was not of sufficient intensity and that in order to measure change in creative thinking with older people, a more creative approach in testing may need to be developed. 相似文献
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The World Wide Web has been gaining popularity among university students and is altering the way university students conduct research. Nevertheless, little is known about how university students use Web resources. This study was designed to investigate the following questions: (i) how do students use Web resources (academic versus non‐academic); (ii) what are the students online search behaviours; (iii) what are the students’ perceptions of Web resources; (iv) do students evaluate information on the Web; (v) what types of training do students perceive they need to successfully utilize Web resources? The findings of this study show that there is an urgent need for students to develop information literacy skills and apply these skills in the electronic information environment. Pris dans la toile. L’usage des ressources en ligne chez les étudiants universitaires. La « toile » est devenue populaire chez les étudiants des universités et est en train de modifier la façon dont ils mènent leurs recherches. On ne sait toutefois pas grand chose sur la façon dont les étudiants des universités utilisent les ressources en ligne. La présente étude a été menée pour élucider les questions suivantes (i) Comment les étudiants utilisent‐ils les ressources en ligne (académiques vs. non académiques)? (ii) Quels sont les comportements des étudiants pour la recherche en ligne? (iii) Quelles perceptions les étudiants ont‐ils des ressources en ligne? (iv) Les étudiants évaluent‐ils l’information qu’ils trouvent sur la « toile »? (v) De quel type de formation les étudiants pensent‐ils avoir besoin pour utiliser avec succès les ressources en ligne? Les résultats de cette étude ont montré qu’il y avait chez les étudiants un besoin urgent d’acquérir des compétences en traitement de l’information et d’appliquer ces compétences dans les environnements d’information électronique. Gefangen im Netz – Wie Studenten Netzressourcen nutzen Das World Wide Web hat an Beliebtheit unter Universitätsstudenten gewonnen und ändert die Art, wie sie Studien durchführen. Trotzdem weiß man wenig darüber, wie Studenten Webressourcen nutzen. Diese Studie wurde durchgeführt, um die folgenden Fragen zu untersuchen: (ii) Wie verwenden Studenten Netzressourcen (Akademiker vs. Nicht‐Akademiker); (ii) Welche Online‐Suchstrategien verwenden Studenten? (iii) Wie nehmen die Studenten die Netzressourcen wahr? (iv) Hinterfragen Studenten Information aus dem Web? (v) Welche Trainingsformen glauben Studenten, für die erfolgreiche Nutzung von Webressourcen zu benötigen? Die Befunde dieser Studie zeigen, dass Studenten dringend ihre Computer‐ und Web‐literacy weiter entwickeln und auch diese Fertigkeiten in der elektronischen Informationsumgebung anwenden müssen. 相似文献
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