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The development of a broad spectrum of adjustment problems in girls was studied longitudinally from late childhood to early adulthood. A specific interest concerned how well the externalizing-internalizing distinction could explain the data. The sample consisted of about 500 Swedish girls, reasonably representative of the general population. Variable-oriented methods were complemented with person-oriented methods to study syndrome formation at the level of the individual. The results suggested a rather diversified pattern of multi-problem syndromes in late childhood, whereas the syndrome structure in early adolescence was organized around a differentiation between girls with externalizing adjustment problems and girls with peer problems. An externalizing syndrome was found to be stable between late childhood and early adolescence, increasing the risk of severe maladjustment in adulthood. Internalizing problems showed no clear-cut continuity with adult maladjustment. Results are discussed in relation to the externalizing-internalizing distinction, which to some extent is called in question. 相似文献
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Margit Saltofte 《Ethnography and Education》2018,13(3):308-321
ABSTRACTMembers of the Danish MidWest Girls’ Choir and their conductor have the aim of creating unique expressive forms. As a consequence, the girls’ work has worked to develop new forms of singing and performance. The choir seeks to find an identity that distinguishes them from traditional church choirs and thereby recreate ‘choir girls’ as something other than ‘well behaved’ and ‘disciplined’, both in their learning processes and in forming their image as a performing choir not related to a church. This paper analyses the role of novelty as process and ‘product’ in an identity-creating process in the social community of singers. Creativity is in this article seen as the collective processes of becoming skilled and of demonstrating distinction from the established discipline of classic choir singing. The choir's identity-forming process is based on creating and being engaged in a different kind of rehearsal, performances and thereby the ‘respectable’ choir image generally. 相似文献
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This paper argues that participants and locals should be seen as at the centre of all development, including international and health development work. Consequently, in contexts of health and wellbeing, patients should be seen as active participants, which also implies the need for the independence and freedom of all and the development of dialogical spaces in which all may negotiate what counts as a life worth living. ‘Impact’, on this view, should be seen from a lifeworld perspective of evaluating the effects of dynamic evolving practices where all are seen potentially as donors and beneficiaries within contexts of mutually negotiated reciprocal relationships. Data drawn from extensive fieldwork with local trauma surgeons, midwives and healthcare personnel in rural Cambodia provide the basis of new perceptions about processes of ‘passing on’ knowledge and expertise. The ideas presented have potential implications for normative understandings of the social organisation of healthcare in domestic and international settings. 相似文献
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Margit Garvik Thormod Idsoe Edvin Bru 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2014,58(5):592-608
There seems to be limited work addressing how depression is linked to elements of student functioning in the school setting other than academic achievement. This study investigated possible correlates of depressive symptoms with school engagement and disengagement. We examined four specific school variables (school motivation, intentions to quit, absence, and truancy) in a sample of 791 adolescents between 15 and 18 years of age in a Norwegian upper secondary vocational school. The results indicated that symptoms of depression could be a risk factor for school disengagement, and particularly for intentions to quit school. However, as only moderate associations were found, it appears that many depressed students manage to keep up their school engagement. This applied to both genders. However, the findings underline the importance of developing effective methods to identify and help depressed students who do have difficulty keeping up school engagement. Implications for practice are suggested. 相似文献
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Singer Eleanor; Antonucci Toni C.; Burmeister Margit; Couper Mick P.; Raghunathan Trivellore E.; Van Hoewyk John 《Int. Journal of Public Opinion Research》2007,19(3):331-353
This study investigates beliefs about the determinants of suchbehavioral characteristics as intelligence, athleticism, obesity,and alcoholism by asking respondents to the 2004 General SocialSurvey to rate vignettes describing individuals exhibiting thesecharacteristics along a 21-point scale ranging from completegenetic determination to complete environmental determination.The vignettes systematically varied the social desirabilityof the characteristic as well as the race and gender of theperson exhibiting it. We analyzed the effect of the carefullycounterbalanced vignette characteristics and the correspondingrater characteristics on respondents’ ratings of the vignettes,hypothesizing that these ratings would reflect mechanisms ofclaiming credit for desirable characteristics and avoiding blamefor undesirable ones. Contrary to our expectations, we foundno effect of any of the vignette characteristics on the ratings,and only two significant main effects of respondent demographiccharacteristics: Black respondents were more likely to use geneticratings; and better educated respondents, environmental ones. Received for publication October 26, 2006. Accepted for publication April 23, 2007. 相似文献
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Margit Garvik Thormod Idsoe Edvin Bru 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2016,60(2):219-239
The present study aimed to investigate changes in school functioning, including motivation, intentions to quit school and social relations in school, following an early group based CBT intervention implemented for depressed adolescents. The “Adolescent Coping with Depression Course” (ACDC) is such an early group intervention. The primary target group in the present study was 16–20 years old adolescents with subclinical or mild-to-moderate depression. The research design implemented was a pre-post design. Results indicated a strong reduction in depressive symptoms among study participants according to Cohen's criteria, a small to medium improvement in perceived social relations in school, but no change in school motivation and intentions to quit school. 相似文献
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Do open source software (OSS) projects represent a new innovation model? Under what conditions can it be employed in other contexts? “Collective invention” regimes usually ended when a dominant design emerged. This is not the case with OSS. Firstly, the OSS community developed the institutional innovation of OSS licenses enabling OSS software to survive as a common property. Secondly, these licenses are mainly enforced by pro-socially motivated contributors. We characterize the conditions under which OSS communities develop and sustain pro-social commitments. We point out the vulnerability of these conditions to developments in patent legislation. 相似文献
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In this article, the authors introduce the special section on severe youth violence (SYV). As severe violence has significant negative consequences and youth commit more violence than other age groups, a developmental science approach is important to (a) understand pathways to SYV, (b) guide attempts to screen and assess SYV risk, and (c) inform novel, developmentally sensitive practices and policies to prevent and reduce SYV. The authors establish the theoretical and empirical contexts for the articles in this special section and explain how this developmental research on SYV can inform new lines of theoretical and empirical inquiry and innovative approaches to detect and respond to the risk of SYV. 相似文献
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Between the 1880s and the 1920s, the German system of scientific research, traditionally dominated by the universities, underwent
rapid institutional change and functional differentiation. This paper analyses this development as a constitutive factor in
Germany’s transition from a predominantly industrial to a primarily ‘knowledge-based’ society. This perspective broadens and
deepens our understanding of the current debate concerning the social production of knowledge. 相似文献