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Massoudi  Mehrdad 《Interchange》2008,39(4):443-468

In this essay the importance of spirituality (or ethics) in the life of a research scientist is explored. The following four questions are considered: a) Why should the problem be studied? What are the benefits? and For whom? b) How should we approach this problem? c) What if the results of this investigation contradict other theories? What should we do in case of disagreements? and, d) What are the consequences of this study? Who or what is going to be harmed? What are the effects on the environment?

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2.
In this essay, I will look at the relationship between Creativity and Spirituality in the field of writing in general, and in scientific writing in particular. A few issues such as why we write and different kinds of writing will also be briefly discussed. In general, creativity is related to a special way of SEEING, or insight, as mentioned in many spiritual traditions. Therefore, with regard to Creativity as the term is used in this essay, a certain level of spirituality is implicitly assumed.  相似文献   
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Quality of diagnostic data depends on accurate coding. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of principal diagnosis coding and its effective factors. To achieve this aim, three hundred and seventy medical records were randomly selected and recoded blindly (as gold standard). The effects of possible factors on accuracy of coding which was gathered through observation method were analyzed by Chi-square (χ2), Fisher exact test, odds ratio (OR), and confidence interval 95% for OR.  相似文献   
4.
Massoudi  Mehrdad 《Interchange》2010,41(3):285-304
The importance of proper language, in the context of multicultural education, and how it can be of help in conflict prevention is discussed. A brief discussion of what a model does and how a scientific model is constructed is provided. A circular model is developed where it is proposed that thought, language, and action, as the three most important fields of human activity, are mutually affecting each other. The element of right (proper) speech in Buddhism is extended to include right writing, or in short, right communication.  相似文献   
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A full order fractional-order observer is designed for a class of Lipschitz continuous-time nonlinear fractional-order systems with unknown input. Sufficient conditions of existence for the designed observer and stability of state estimation error system are developed by reconstructing state and using general quadratic Lyapunov function. By applying fractional-order extension of Lyapunov direct method, the stability of the fractional-order state estimation error system is analyzed. Due to the conditions involving a nonlinear matrix inequality, a new sufficient condition with linear matrix inequality (LMI) is reformulated, which makes the full order fractional-order observer implemented easily by using Matlab LMI toolbox. Examples are taken to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach by numerical simulations.  相似文献   
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Previous works have shown the usefulness of bond graphs for modeling and simulation of interacting lumped and distributed systems. Frequently, when damping is included in the model, the overall system is “stiff”, possessing widely disparate characteristic times. This makes simulation difficult and time consuming.Bond graphs are used here to represent the interacting lumped and modal dynamics of a system while treating the damping as an external forcing onto the system. By performing a second modal decomposition, a second bond graph model can be formulated where the damping can now be physically represented. The result is a total system model in which the characteristic times can be controlled through elimination of high frequency modes.  相似文献   
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In recent years, Photovoltaic (PV) systems have been received great attention all over the words as they are sustainable, unlimited and environmentally friendly energy. However, it is required for the PV system to apply a tracking controller to guarantee efficient operation by extracting the maximum power, which named maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method. Due to the simple structure, the conventional perturb and observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm is very popular in the literature. Nevertheless, conventional methods show inaccurate performance, particularly when high variations occur in irradiance, resulting in fluctuations around the MPP. To deal with these challenges, a novel technique on the basis of the variable-step size of P&O MPPT and sliding mode controller (SMC) adjusted by the θ-modified krill herd (θ-MKH) algorithm is presented. The θ-MKH algorithm is utilized to fine-tune the optimal SMC parameters to drive the variable step of the classical P&O algorithm. Simulations are prepared to compare the performance of the suggested scheme with conventional methods by considering simultaneous fast changes of irradiance and temperature. The results show that the suggested scheme have proper performance in both transient and steady-state, particularly under quickly varying climate circumstances.  相似文献   
8.
The primary objective of this paper is to study the various possible responses to a new theory or perspective, whether this new theory is in science, philosophy, or religion. The response will depend on how one defines authority and truth. A brief discussion on certain aspects of Eastern spirituality is given. I rely on the philosophical aspect of Buddhism, as a basis to further my presentation. Specifically, the search for truth and certainty based on personal experience are discussed. The example of the Buddha as an archetypical teacher whose authority was based on his personal experience is also presented.  相似文献   
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