排序方式： 共有36条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
William E. Merriman John M. Marazita Lorna H. Jarvis Julie A. Evey-Burkey Michael Biggins 《Child development》1995,66(6):1890-1908
A new word-learning phenomenon is demonstrated and a new word-learning principle is proposed to account for it. In Study 1, 60 3-year-olds were shown a pair of objects and heard a novel label used repeatedly for one, but not for the other. In a forced-choice test of generalization of the label, the latter object was selected less often by the children than one that had not been present during training. This so-called Nominal Passover Effect was the same whether the speaker had completely ignored the comparison object during training or had referred to it with pronouns. The performance of a no-word control group ( N = 24) indicated that the effect was not due to a preference for the less exposed of the two choice objects. The effect is consistent with the Exhaustive Reference Principle, which stipulates that whenever a new generic word is used to name something, expect it to be extended to all entities in a situation that the speaker perceives and believes to be exemplars of the name. In Study 2 ( N = 48), the Nominal Passover Effect was replicated with 3 new sets of objects and with training language that contained only indefinite forms of reference. The passover experience was often sufficient to counteract children's tendency to generalize a novel label on the basis of perceptual similarity. The passover effect was not evident in free-choice name generalization tests in either study. 相似文献
2.
3.
在预防与抑制大学生违法犯罪的过程中,道德具有十分重要的作用。良好的社会公德意识是预防和抑制大学生违法犯罪的基础保证,中华民族优良道德传统资源具有不可或缺的珍贵价值。特别注重整体利益,强调对社会的责任意识;推崇“仁爱”原则,追求人际和谐;讲求谦敬礼让,强调克骄防矜;重视道德践履,强调修养的重要性等,这些都对预防、减少和抑制大学生违法犯罪有着重要的理论价值和现实意义。 相似文献
4.
Jennifer Merriman Bausmith Megan France 《Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk》2013,18(4):234-246
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Program (GEAR UP) on college readiness outcomes using a quasi-experimental design. GEAR UP is designed to increase the number of low-income students who are prepared to enter and succeed in postsecondary education by providing 6-year grants to states and district partnerships to provide services at high-poverty middle and high schools. Specifically, this study sought to evaluate whether 173 schools that participated in GEAR UP showed increases in the percentages of students who were prepared to enter and succeed in postsecondary education, as compared to students from similar, non-GEAR UP schools. Seven years (2003–2009) of matched cohort data were compiled to include all regular (e.g., nonspecial education) high schools with grade 12 enrollment as documented by the National Center for Educational Statistics. Participation in and performance on three College Board assessments that measure college readiness at the high school level (SAT, PSAT/NMSQT, and AP) as well as percent free/reduced-price lunch were used to identify comparable schools. Results showed that, overall, the GEAR UP program showed positive evidence of improving college readiness outcomes for low income students using a variety of college readiness measures. 相似文献
5.
Donald Merriman Robin S. Codding Georgiana Shick Tryon Takuya Minami 《Psychology in the schools》2016,53(5):457-470
Research on the effectiveness of homework provides ample evidence that homework has a positive effect on learning, particularly for secondary students. Unfortunately, the rate of consistent homework completion for students, with and without disabilities, is low. This study used a between‐groups design to examine the differential effectiveness of coaching, a self‐management intervention, compared with the local treatment‐as‐usual (homework center) on improving the homework completion of 50 middle school students (Grades 6 to 8) with and without disabilities who were having substantial difficulty with homework. Results indicated that both group coaching and homework center (treatment‐as‐usual) were effective in significantly decreasing homework problems, with no clear indication that one intervention was, overall, superior to the other. However, preliminary analyses suggest that these interventions might be differentially effective as a function of disability status. 相似文献
6.
卫华 《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2010,39(3)
巴黎公社革命是一个久远的话题,然而从波希米亚文化视角进入,它能重新浮出历史地表,使人们对文人与政治关系做出新的层面省思,成为深远的美学纪念碑.即巴黎公社革命有着浓郁的波希米亚文人气质,这种放浪不羁的文人压活渗透和掺和在政治革命历史场景当中,演绎一出文人知识分子与政治盘根错节的舞台大戏,为人们提供了一个文人政治激进化的内部文本. 相似文献
7.
If after teaching a label for 1 object, a speaker does not name a nearby object, 3-year-olds tend to reject the label for the nearby object (W.E. Merriman, J.M. Marazita, L.H. Jarvis, J.A. Evey-Burkey, and M. Biggins, 1995a). In Studies 1 (5-year-olds) and 3 (3-year-olds), this effect depended on object similarity. In Study 2, when a speaker used a label without teaching it, 5-year-olds showed no passover effect. 3-year-olds showed none for inanimate objects, but one for animate objects. When extraneous factors that may have promoted animate object individuation were eliminated (Study 3), 3-year-olds showed the effect when a label was taught, but not when it was merely used. Children honor rational restrictions on when the unacceptability of a name can be inferred from its nonoccurrence. 相似文献
8.
9.
体育自助游具有旅游和体育运动的双重性质,其前卫、时尚、自由、平等的组织方式和张扬个性、亲近自然、放松身心的理念越来越受到民众的喜爱,在中青年群体中尤为如此.近年来体育自助游在我国发展势头强劲,对我国体育自助游的相关特征、业态现状及存在问题进行了分析,并进一步提出了促进我国自助游活动健康发展的对策措施. 相似文献
10.