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Mohammad Mahdavi Mazdeh Seyed-Mostafa Razavi Roozbeh Hesamamiri Mohammad-Reza Zahedi Behin Elahi 《Higher Education》2013,65(2):207-226
The purpose of this study is to propose a framework to evaluate the entrepreneurship intensity (EI) of Iranian state universities. In order to determine EI, a hybrid multi-method framework consisting of Delphi, Analytic Network Process (ANP), and VIKOR is proposed. The Delphi method is used to localize and reduce the number of criteria extracted from a deep literature review, according to the social and economic conditions of Iranian state universities by using an expert panel, including sixty-eight country-wide academicians and practitioners. After that, a group approach to ANP was utilized as an evaluation method to derive the weights of each criterion. Next, the evaluation data were gathered through a questionnaire, and, finally, the compromise ranking of universities was calculated using the VIKOR method. Moreover, this study applies weight-variance analysis (WVA) to suggest improvement actions. The paper proposes an evaluation framework for determining the performance of entrepreneurship development initiatives in universities. By using this framework, twenty-two Iranian state universities are evaluated in terms of their EI, and the results are discussed. 相似文献
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Potential immunomodulation effect of the extract of Nigella sativa on ovalbumin sensitized guinea pigs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Boskabady MH Keyhanmanesh R Khameneh S Doostdar Y Khakzad MR 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2011,12(3):201-209
Several different pharmacological effects have been described for Nigella sativa (Siah-Daneh), including an anti-inflammatory effect. In the present study, the effect of the extract of N. sativa on lung pathology and blood interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) of sensitized guinea pigs was examined. Three groups
(n=8 for each group) of guinea pigs sensitized to ovalbumin (OA) were given drinking water alone, and drinking water containing
low and high concentrations of the plant extract, respectively. The animals of the control group (n=8) were treated with saline instead of OA and were given drinking water. The pathological changes of the lung, including
infiltration of eosinophils and lymphocytes, local epithelial necrosis, the presence of oedema, thickening of the basement
membrane, smooth muscle layer hypertrophy, mucosal secretion, and the presence of mucosal plug, and blood IL-4 and IFN-γ of
sensitized guinea pigs were evaluated. The lungs of the sensitized group showed significant pathological changes (P<0.001). Blood IL-4 and IFN-γ were increased in sensitized animals compared to the controls (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively). Treatment of sensitized animals with the extract led to a significant decrease in pathological changes
of the lung (P<0.01 to P<0.001), except for the oedema in the sensitized group treated with low concentration of the extract, but an increased IFN-γ.
These results confirm a preventive effect of N. sativa extract on lung inflammation of sensitized guinea pigs. 相似文献
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Keivan Zahedi Saeedeh Shamsaee 《Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability》2012,24(3):263-277
The aim of the present research is to examine the viability of the construct validity of the speaking modules of two internationally recognized language proficiency examinations, namely IELTS and TOEFL iBT. High-stake standardized tests play a crucial and decisive role in determining the future academic life of many people. Overall obtained scores of candidates are believed to reflect their general proficiency level. Appropriate interpretation and use of test scores depend on the extent to which items measuring a particular skill (here speaking) can meet the criteria to examine the intended construct. Speaking, amongst the other four skills, has a central place in assessing general proficiency of the candidates. This research seeks to scrutinize how IELTS and TOEFL iBT tap on the speaking proficiency of their candidates. Moreover, this study investigates whether obtained speaking scores of candidates in these two international high-stake tests show an acceptable degree of consistency in measuring the skill being examined. The chosen sample of the study consisted of 60 students who successfully completed TOEFL iBT and IELTS preparation courses in Tehran. The results of the statistical analysis show that there is a meaningful discrepancy between the two exams in assessing the speaking abilities of the exam-takers and therefore challenge the construct validity of the exams in question. Findings are then used to discuss the repercussions for language proficiency measurement and assessment. 相似文献
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In this paper we present a first large-scale analysis of the relationship between Mendeley readership and citation counts with particular documents’ bibliographic characteristics. A data set of 1.3 million publications from different fields published in journals covered by the Web of Science (WoS) has been analyzed. This work reveals that document types that are often excluded from citation analysis due to their lower citation values, like editorial materials, letters, news items, or meeting abstracts, are strongly covered and saved in Mendeley, suggesting that Mendeley readership can reliably inform the analysis of these document types. Findings show that collaborative papers are frequently saved in Mendeley, which is similar to what is observed for citations. The relationship between readership and the length of titles and number of pages, however, is weaker than for the same relationship observed for citations. The analysis of different disciplines also points to different patterns in the relationship between several document characteristics, readership, and citation counts. Overall, results highlight that although disciplinary differences exist, readership counts are related to similar bibliographic characteristics as those related to citation counts, reinforcing the idea that Mendeley readership and citations capture a similar concept of impact, although they cannot be considered as equivalent indicators. 相似文献
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