Instructional design for advanced learners: Establishing connections between the theoretical frameworks of cognitive load and deliberate practice     

Tamara van Gog  K. Anders Ericsson  Remy M. J. P. Rikers  Fred Paas 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2005,53(3):73-81

Cognitive load theory (CLT) has been successful in identifying instructional formats that are more effective and efficient than conventional problem solving in the initial, novice phase of skill acquisition. However, recent findings regarding the “expertise reversal effect” have begun to stimulate cognitive load theorists to broaden their horizon to the question of how instructional design should be altered as a learner's knowledge increases. To answer this question, it is important to understand how expertise is acquired and what fosters its development. Expert performance research, and, in particular, the theoretical framework of deliberate practice have given us a better understanding of the principles and activities that are essential in order to excel in a domain. This article explores how these activities and principles can be used to design instructional formats based on CLT for higher levels of skills mastery. The value of these formats for e-learning environments in which learning tasks can be adaptively selected on the basis of online assessments of the learner's level of expertise is discussed. In their preparation of this article, the first and last authors were supported by an Internationalization grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, The Hague, project number 411-01-010).  相似文献   

Teacher Empathy and Attitudes Towards Individuals with Disabilities     

Monika Parchomiuk 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2019,66(1):56-69

The article presents research results of a study aimed at determining the correlation between empathy understood as a personality disposition and general attitudes towards individuals with disability. The sample consisted of 300 special education teachers working with persons with intellectual disabilities in primary and secondary schools and institutions of rehabilitation, and 280 general education teachers working with able-bodied students in primary and secondary schools. Two instruments were used: Empathic Understanding of Other People Questionnaire, and the Scale of Attitudes towards Individuals with Disability. In the group of special education teachers, only Syndrome 2 of empathy was statistically significant for shaping the attitudes, whereas among teachers, Syndromes 1, 3 and 4 were significant. In Syndromes 1, 2 and 4, including the highest level of emotional, cognitive, motivational and communication aspects of empathy, the correlations were positive as expected. In the case of Syndrome 3, including the considerable level of cognitive empathy, the correlation was negative.  相似文献   

The influence of achievement motivation and chess-specific motivation on deliberate practice     

de Bruin AB  Rikers RM  Schmidt HG 《运动与训练心理学杂志》2007,29(5):561-583

Although the importance of high motivation to engage in deliberate practice has been acknowledged, no research has directly tested this hypothesis. Therefore, the present study examined this relation in adolescent elite chess players by means of a questionnaire. In addition, to provide an explanation for dropout among promising chess players, differences in motivation between persistent and dropout chess players were analyzed. Competitiveness and the will to excel proved to be predictors of investments in deliberate practice. Moreover, achievement motivation and chess-specific motivation differed to a certain extent between persisters and dropouts. Our results suggest that motivation to engage in deliberate practice not only contains elements of the will to improve performance, but also of the will to attain exceptional levels of performance.  相似文献   

Long-term endurance training increases serum cathepsin S and decreases IL-6 and hsCRP levels     

Michael Sponder  Ioana-Alexandra Campean  Michael Emich  Monika Fritzer-Szekeres  Brigitte Litschauer  Jutta Bergler-Klein 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(21):2129-2134

Cathepsin S (CS) was shown to play a key role in cancer progression, atherosclerosis, heart valve disease, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. The present prospective study aimed to investigate the influence of sports on CS, interleukin-6 (Il-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels.

Ninety-eight of 109 participants completed the study. Ergometries were performed at baseline and after 8 months to evaluate/quantify the performance gain. Blood samples were taken at baseline and every 2 months. CS was measured by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Compared to the control group (mean performance gain ?3.41 ± 4.62%) we observed a significant physical-activity-induced increase of CS levels (3.45–3.73 ng · ml^?1; P = 0.027) and a significant decrease of Il-6 (2.43–1.91 pg · ml^?1; P = 0.031) and hsCRP-levels (0.11–0.09 mg · dl^?1; P = 0.001) in the intervention group (mean performance gain: 12.13 ± 6.32%). Furthermore, the tendency of the progression was significant for CS and Il-6 (P = 0.002/0.033).

We could show a significant sports-induced decrease of the classic inflammation parameters hsCRP/Il-6, probably expressing a downregulation of permanently prevalent inflammation processes. Simultaneously CS levels increased significantly. Our results show that increasing CS amounts are not simply to equal with an enhanced inflammation status and might even have beneficial effects on inflammation and angiogenesis.  相似文献   

WOMEN IN DISTANCE STUDY ‐ WOMEN STUDENTS AT THE FERNUNIVERSITAT IN HAGEN (FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY)     

Michaele Hetzel  Monika Schneidereit  Angela Schuch 《Higher Education in Europe》1981,6(3):18-22

The authors take up the hypothesis that distance education was also meant to facilitate the access of women to higher education. Recent studies carried out at the University for Distance Education at Hagen show that results do not always match expectations. By analysing in detail the causes for this partial failure, the authors come forward with some remedial proposals.

The authors are all members of the staff of Hagen University.  相似文献   

Effect of Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) Pod Powder on the Oxidation and Colour Stability of Pork Meat Batter During Chilled Storage     

Monika Skowyra  Urszula Janiewicz  Anna Marietta Salejda  Gra?yna Krasnowska  María Pilar Almajano 《Food Technology and Biotechnology》2015,53(4):419-427

  相似文献   

Perspective Paper: Assessing Air Quality as Part of a Physical Therapy Plan of Care     

Dennis C. Sobush  Monika Burrescia 《Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal》2011,22(1):20-24

Purpose: The purposes of this clinical perspective paper are (1) to expand physical therapists’ awareness to the topic of air quality as a health priority when providing professional services; and (2) to provide templates for screening the indoor clinical environments and patient profiles to avert respiratory exacerbations, especially in persons with asthma. Summary of Key Points: The location where a physical therapist practices determines the air quality indices to which a person is exposed. Poor indoor air quality can expose a person to even greater compromise of respiration (ie, Sick Building Syndrome) than outdoor air quality secondary to an array of factors like building materials, the ventilation exchange rate of an enclosed space, chemicals used in cleaning, and humidity. Statement of Conclusions: Extrinsic (ie, environmental) and intrinsic (eg, pre-disposition to airway hypersensitivity) factors must be accounted for by physical therapists to safeguard their patients and themselves from experiencing respiratory compromise and/or distress as a result of a treatment session or their place of employment. Recommendations: Efforts to screen indoor environments for potential triggers and patient risk profiles for abnormal airway reactivity should routinely be undertaken. Individualized Action Plans should be prospectively prepared and readied for implementation when warranted.Key Words: asthma, Sick Building Syndrome, indoor air quality, respiratory impairment  相似文献   

Lower-level developmental skills in beginning writing     

Virginia Berninger  Cheryl Yates  Ana Cartwright  Judith Rutberg  Elizabeth Remy  Robert Abbott 《Reading and writing》1992,4(3):257-280

  相似文献   

Pathways From Childhood Sociomoral Sensitivity in Friendship,Insecurity, and Peer Rejection to Adult Friendship Quality     

Annekatrin Steinhoff  Monika Keller 《Child development》2020,91(5):e1012-e1029

Across the life span, friendship is an important component of people’s support networks. This article explores the developmental roots of adult friendship intimacy and satisfaction, taking into consideration the early interplay between sociomoral sensitivity in friendship, insecurity in peer contexts, and peer rejection. Data (N = 176) came from the longitudinal study “Individual Development and Social Structure.” Respondents were surveyed repeatedly from age 7 to 37 years. Autoregressive cross-lagged panel models show that sociomoral sensitivity in friendship protects adolescents from peer rejection and is reciprocally associated with insecurity. Childhood and adolescent sociomoral sensitivity antecede early adult friendship intimacy, which, in turn, antecedes friendship satisfaction in mid-adulthood. The findings indicate a sequence of pathways from sociomoral sensitivity developed early in life to friendship quality in adulthood.  相似文献   

Proactive and Prudent: A Report of a Holistic Cyclical Electronic Resources Review Pilot at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga     

Katie Gohn  Charlie Remy 《期刊图书馆员》2017,73(1):44-52

In 2016, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Library piloted a cyclical review process for five academic departments. The goal was to go beyond the traditional library portion of a department’s accreditation/program review and holistically assess electronic resources for these departments and provide recommendations for changes when necessary. This article describes the need for this kind of review, the process used to review Engineering and Computer Science resources, suggestions and decisions made as a result of the review, reflections on the experience, and hopes for the future.  相似文献