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1.
C. Nikki Arrington Paulina A. Kulesz David J. Francis Jack M. Fletcher Marcia A. Barnes 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2014,18(5):325-346
Little is known about how specific components of working memory, namely, attentional processes including response inhibition, sustained attention, and cognitive inhibition, are related to reading decoding and comprehension. The current study evaluated the relations of reading comprehension, decoding, working memory, and attentional control in 1,134 adolescent students. Path analyses were used to assess the direct and indirect effects of working memory and aspects of attentional control on reading comprehension and decoding. There were significant direct effects of working memory, sustained attention, and cognitive inhibition on reading comprehension, but not decoding. There was a significant direct effect of working memory and response inhibition on decoding, but not comprehension. These results suggest that different aspects of attentional control are important for decoding versus comprehension. 相似文献
2.
Paulina Bravo 《International Journal of Science Education》2016,38(16):2500-2527
This work explores how pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) on evolution was modified by two biology teachers who participated in a professional development programme (PDP) that included a subsequent follow-up in the classroom. The PDP spanned a semester and included activities such as content updates, collaborative lesson planning, and the presentation of planned lessons. In the follow-up part, the lessons were videotaped and analysed, identifying strategies, activities, and conditions based on student learning about the theory of evolution. Data were collected in the first round with an interview before the training process, identifying these teachers’ initial content representation (CoRe) for evolution. Then, a group interview was conducted after the lessons, and, finally, an interview of stimulated recall with each teacher was conducted regarding the subject taught to allow teachers to reflect on their practice (final CoRe). This information was analysed by the teachers and the researchers, reflecting on the components of the PCK, possible changes, and the rationale behind their actions. The results show that teachers changed their beliefs and knowledge about the best methods and strategies to teach evolution, and about students’ learning obstacles and misconceptions on evolution. They realised how a review of their own practices promotes this transformation. 相似文献
3.
Antonia Larrain Paulina Freire Christine Howe 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(6):1017-1036
Since the late 1990s, there has been consensus among educational researchers that argumentation should play a central role in science education. Although there has been extensive relevant research, it is not clear enough how oral argumentation spontaneously occurs in science teaching. This is particularly important with regard to the empirical evidence suggesting the effect of discussion of contradictory views on scientific learning. In order to contribute to the research on argumentation in science teaching, we conducted a study that aims to sketch a panoramic view of the uses of oral argumentation in Chilean middle-school science teaching. A total of 153 videotaped science lessons were observed, involving students aged 10–11 and 12–13. Whole-class argumentative discourse was analysed as a function of thematic episodes and teachers' and students' utterances. Results suggest that argumentative discourse in which contradictory points of view are discussed is scarce but when it occurs it does so predominantly within discourse among students. On the contrary, argumentation aimed at justifying points of view is widely used, even more so when students are older. 相似文献
4.
Chiara Andrá Paulina Lindström Ferdinando Arzarello Kenneth Holmqvist Ornella Robutti Cristina Sabena 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2015,13(2):237-259
We use eye tracking as a method to examine how different mathematical representations of the same mathematical object are attended to by students. The results of this study show that there is a meaningful difference in the eye movements between formulas and graphs. This difference can be understood in terms of the cultural and social shaping of human perception, as well as in terms of differences between the symbolic and graphical registers. 相似文献
5.
Ernesto Schiefelbein Paulina Schiefelbein 《Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice》2003,10(2):141-159
Use of testing expanded in Latin America during the last 50 years from academic centres to policy makers and mass media. The expansion has been the result of the perseverance of many researchers and practitioners, cheaper and more user-friendly technol ogy, demands on labour and its ability to compete in a global market, and international comparisons showing the low adult functional literacy and poor performance of Latin American students. The first boost to testing was generated by the need for screening students for higher education. Later on there was a demand for identifying quality gaps causing repetition problems and low performance. In the 1980s a few countries used testing to assess alternative solutions and new ways to deliver teaching and managing classroom processes. By the mid-1990s a dozen countries were operating national testing systems. Recent tasks have been the identification of reading problems; the conducting of international compari sons; and the selection of effective models to raise quality. Even though only a few countries have taken full advantage of the whole set of possible uses of testing, there is a growing interest in using testing for raising students' achievement. 相似文献
6.
In the last two decades, the University of Colima has worked out a very interesting project for information technologies development through its Coordination for Information Technologies (CIT) program. This has provided years of experience in the application of technologies for the academic community. After its designation as a UNESCO Regional Center, our university developed a very ambitious education and research plan that was submitted to one of UNESCO's educational programs. This project was approved as the “UNESCO Chair on New Information Technologies,” and it started working successfully with the “Diploma Course on Digital Libraries” 2 years ago.The Diploma Course is part of the action taken toward the creation of a Great Iberoamerican and the Caribbean Digital Library. Today 144 trainers from 36 national libraries in Latin America and the Caribbean state members are receiving training courses based on the UNESCO methodology, which is comprised of the registration of digital objects, adherence to standards for audio and video digitization, and development of an international open-source software for information management. 相似文献
7.
Paulina Correa-Burrows Yasna Orellana Daniza Ivanovic 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(17):1631-1638
AbstractWe examined the association between the allocation of time to regular physical activity (PA) and achievement in mathematics and language in Chilean adolescents after controlling for confounders. In a random sample of 620 ninth graders (15.6 ± 0.7 years old), we measured regular PA, including physical education and sports extracurricular activities, and academic performance, using national standardised tests. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses modelled the relation between academic and health-related behaviours. Sufficiency and proficiency in mathematics and language were used as outcome variables. Only 18% of adolescents had >4 h·week–1 of regular PA. Devoting >4 h?·?week–1 to regular PA significantly increased the odds of sufficiency and proficiency in both domains. After full adjustment, the odds of sufficiency and proficiency in mathematics increased by 1.9 (95% CI: 1.1–3.5) and 2.7 (95% CI: 1.7–4.3), respectively. Similarly, the odds of sufficiency and proficiency in language increased by 3.3 (95% CI: 1.7–9.7) and 2.6 (95% CI: 1.6–4.1), respectively. Adolescents with the highest allocation of time to regular PA performed much better in mathematics and language than inactive students. The academic benefits associated with PA can help to promote sustained behaviour changes regarding lifestyles. They can be more easily perceived as gains than health benefits alone. 相似文献
8.
José-Pablo Escobar Ricardo Rosas-Díaz Francisco Ceric Andrés Aparicio Paulina Arango Rodrigo Arroyo 《Cultura y Educación》2018,30(2):368-392
Executive functions (EF) are a set of processes that allow individuals to plan, monitor and organize tasks and thus play a key role in the development of reading and maths skills. Environmental factors such as socioeconomic level (SEL) influence reading and maths skills as well as EFs. The aim of this study is to explore the extent to which executive functions play a mediating role between SEL and reading and maths performance. To this end, we assessed 286 Chilean primary education students: 86 with a high SEL and 200 with a low level. The results show that the high-SEL group obtained consistently higher scores than their peers with low SEL levels in both reading and maths tasks as well as in EF measurements. This suggests that SEL could influence the development of these variables. The results also showed that EFs partially mediate the relation between SEL and reading and maths skills in primary school students through the specific function of inhibition. The results are discussed in light of the effect of SEL on the development of EFs and school learning. 相似文献
9.
Christopher A. Wolters Marcia A. Barnes Paulina A. Kulesz Mary York David J. Francis 《The Journal of educational research》2017,110(1):98-109
The authors' purpose was to examine adolescents' reading motivation in relation to standardized assessments of reading comprehension and fluency. After a reading pretest, 60 ninth-grade students (M age = 14.9 years) were randomly assigned to two groups. Compared to those in the control condition, those administered brief oral feedback intended to improve motivation indicated an increased focus on mastery goals and greater perceived control during a reading posttest. No differences were found with regard to four other aspects of motivation. Students in the treatment condition, including struggling readers more specifically, did not score better on the posttest measures of reading comprehension or fluency. Hence, results failed to replicate Zentall and Lee's (2012) findings with younger readers. Findings are discussed with regard to the theoretical and practical implications for understanding reading motivation. 相似文献
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