The purpose of this study was to determine if achievement on a series of problems was affected by differences among task values within a dimension. Values within inference pattern, goal object, and percept dimensions were studied. One hundred and sixty primary school children participated in the study. An analysis of the results of their achievement on the tasks indicate that task solution is affected by the dimension values used in this study. The results of the study suggest that a multidimensional scale of task dimension values should be constructed in order to assist the curriculum specialist in the construction and sequencing of concept tasks for specific grade levels. 相似文献
Science learning is inextricably tied to two aspects of students’ lives: literacy and culture. While English Learners (ELs) who speak a non-English native language are typically the focus in this line of scholarly inquiry, deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) students occupy a distinct space in this conversation. For DHH learners, literacy levels can be hindered by an early dependence on a more survival-based language learning model that postpones basic scientific inquiry. The vocabulary for curiosity is limited, which in turn affects the educational culture. DHH learners have a unique culture that demands an appropriate science curriculum, which thus far has not been explored or attempted for either DHH learners or their educators. Data collected consisted of interviews with teachers of DHH students, as well as observational data collected from a high-minority urban K-8 school for DHH students. The analysis revealed that, first, many of the teachers had limited preparation to teach science content. Second, DHH teachers used inconsistent instructional strategies ranging from drawing pictures to building models. Third, the modifications provided to DHH science learners were mostly limited to visual support and repetition. Implications for teacher education programs include instruction focused on specific supports for DHH students and co-teaching methods, and deeper investigation of inquiry-based science practices. Implications for classroom practices include providing hands-on, inquiry-based instruction, working closely with parents, and developing students’ and teachers’ understanding of scientific inquiry.
Numerous researchers have suggested that there are multiple mathematical knowledge and skill areas needed by teachers in order for them to be effective teachers of mathematics: knowledge of the mathematics that are the goals of instruction, advanced mathematics beyond the instructional material, and mathematical knowledge that is specific to what is needed to teach students. The research reported here is about the development of a test of teachers’ knowledge in these three areas related to the teaching of algebra. The test development process is described and the results of several analyses are reported that had the goal of checking whether valid inferences can be made about the hypothesized components of teacher knowledge. 相似文献
In this paper, some recent results relating to the stability o f scores on the Raven Progressive Matrices Test for different subgroups within and between the United Kingdom, the United States, and other Western societies are summarised. Subsequent sections deal with variation over time. A possible explanation for the variation in norms over time and between ethnic groups within the United States is offered. 相似文献
The data to be presented was drawn from a survey of nationally representative samples of some 4,000 pupils, most of whom were no longer required by law to be at school, and 1,200 teachers, in the Republic of Ireland. The main purpose of the survey was to collect data relevant to evaluating the post-primary educational system as a whole. Providing such an evaluation was taken to involve, first, assessing what the goals of post-primary education should be, second, obtaining teachers' and pupils' subjective assessments of whether those goals were being attained and, thirdly, asking why the goals were not being better attained. The basic data, which has bee published in three volumes by the Irish Association for Curriculum Development (Raven et al., 1975/ 1976), can be used to illuminate a wide range of basic issues. The present paper deals with one of these. Some others are discussed in Raven (1977b). 相似文献
Abstract Fifteen well-conditioned college women, who had been thoroughly trained in the correct technique for women's push-ups, were tested for maximal pushing strength in two positions and for the number of complete push-ups they were able to perform at the rate of 41 push-ups per minute. For statistical purposes, calculations of maximal strength for each individual were based upon the average of the recorded maximal arm strengths in the high and low positions plus the average of the weight supported in the high and low positions. The work load was calculated from the distance between the high and low positions, the average supported weight, and the number of push-ups the subject was able to perform until exhausted. A correlation coefficient of .76 was obtained between the calculated maximal strength measures and the work load, indicating a statistically significant positive relationship. 相似文献
The RPM exhibit the same scale properties for children from a wide variety of socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds. At any point in time, the norms for many different cultures are similar. Yet the scores have increased dramatically over time – and in such a way as to demonstrate that the current differences between ethnic groups are alterable. The increase is probably due to improved nutrition, welfare, and hygiene. Conventional education has little effect on scores. Nevertheless, involvement in democratic childrearing practices and open education does increase scores. The RPM correlates only about .5 with verbal ability. Thus, even within the “cognitive” area, it is important to think about abilities rather than ability. This huge variance in children's scores, both within and between tests, poses serious problems for educators in general and for those who proffer traditional forms of gifted education in particular. It is necessary to change the educational process radically, so as to nurture the wide variety of talents that are present in every classroom. 相似文献