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1.
Daniel C. Kopala-Sibley Marilyn Cyr Megan C. Finsaas Jonathan Orawe Anna Huang Nim Tottenham Daniel N. Klein 《Child development》2020,91(1):110-128
Seventy-nine 3-year olds and their mothers participated in a laboratory-based task to assess maternal hostility. Mothers also reported their behavioral regulation of their child. Seven years later, functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired while viewing emotional faces and completing a reward processing task. Maternal hostility predicted more negative amygdala connectivity during exposure to sad relative to neutral faces with frontal and parietal regions as well as more negative left ventral striatal connectivity during monetary gain relative to loss feedback with the right posterior orbital frontal cortex and right inferior frontal gyrus. In contrast, maternal regulation predicted enhanced cingulo-frontal connectivity during monetary gain relative to loss feedback. Results suggest parenting is associated with alterations in emotion and reward processing circuitry 7–8 years later. 相似文献
2.
Farideh Fekrsanati Stefan Klein Jens Hildenhagen Klaus Dickmann Yiorgos Marakis Aleka Manousaki Vassilis Zafiropulos 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2001,2(4):187
The application of lasers for the removal of superficial deposits from historic stained glass is a comparatively new field of scientific interest. Experimental studies concerning the behaviour of glass substrates and the corresponding superficial deposits towards different laser wavelengths were carried out. The experiments were performed using wavelengths of λ = 193 nm (ArF-Excimer), 308 nm (XeCl-Excimer), 355 nm (Nd:YAG third harmonic) and 1 064 nm (Nd:YAG fundamental) in comparison to λ = 248 nm (KrF-Excimer). This comparison is due to the fact that the present knowledge is based on the 248 nm wavelength. Specially prepared model glass samples representing the original fragments and samples of organic polymers (formerly used as a protective material for historic stained glasses) were used to study the effects of laser radiation and were subsequently characterised by optical microscopy. 相似文献
3.
Rudolf Berghammer 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》1996,11(4):179-190
Zusammenfassung. Die Programmierung von Algorithmenschemata durch die Parameterisierung von Programmteilen ist eine M?glichkeit der Wiederverwendung
von Software. Dieser Ansatz wird insbesondere von der funktionalen Programmiersprache ML durch eine sehr ausgereifte Modulsprache
mit Signaturen, Strukturen und strukturabbildenden Funktoren unterstützt. In diesem Artikel demonstrieren wir, wie man auf
diese Weise Parameterisierung und Wiederverwendung realisieren kann. Dabei wird eine Anwendung, n?mlich schematischer Graphdurchlauf
mit Vererbung und Synthese als Verallgemeinerung des vom übersetzerbau her bekannten Prinzips, im Detail vorgestellt; einige
weitere Anwendungsbereiche werden skizziert.
Eingegangen am 21. Februar 1996 / Angenommen am 20. August 1996 相似文献
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Raymond M. Klein 《Reading and writing》2002,15(1-2):207-231
The definitions of developmental dyslexia andtemporal processing are discussed and severalconstruals of what a temporal processingdeficit might entail are illustrated. Then,using a framework developed by Farmer & Klein(1995), the proposal that a temporal processingdeficit (in vision, audition, or both) might bethe root cause of some proportion of cases ofdevelopmental dyslexia is introduced andvarious research strategies for testing thisproposal are identified. The symposium paperswhich address this general question using arange of these strategies are then criticallyreviewed. It is noted that whereas reading isa recent artifact not yet subject to any directselection pressure, its normal performancerequires the use of, and connections between,the highly evolved modules for visual patternrecognition and language. Within vision andlanguage redundant coding, which permitsperformance in the face of injuries anddegraded input, also makes it difficult todetect subtle deficits (whether temporal, ornot) unless precise tests are used. Yet suchdeficits may degrade performance on tasks (suchas reading) which require the non-copiousconnections between vision and language. Theefficacy of this pathway, I suggest, ismeasured by performance on the rapidautomatized naming (RAN) test. 相似文献
7.
Anna E. Flynn James D. Klein 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2001,49(3):71-86
The common practice of using discussion groups during case-based learning makes the role of discussion important in these
learning environments. However, little empirical research has been done to investigate the influence of discussion on performance
and motivation in case-based learning. The purpose of this article is to present the results of a study conducted to examine
the role of discussion groups in a case-based environment. College students completed two cases either individually or in
small discussion groups. Measures included two case analyses, an attitude survey, time on task, and document analysis. Results
revealed significant performance and time differences between instructional methods on the first case, but not on the second
case. In addition, results indicated significant differences in student attitudes between treatments. Overall, participants
who worked in groups liked their method significantly better than those who worked alone, felt they learned more working in
a group than they would have working alone, and expressed a preference for working in a group if they had to do the class
over again. Implications for implementing case-based learning and future research are discussed.
Anna E. Flynn is Vice President and NAPM Associate Professor with the National Association of Purchasing Management. 相似文献
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The researchers addressed two questions: (1) Does maternal reading mediation and family home literacy environment (HLE) relate
to children’s emergent literacy (EL) level? and (2) Do the relationships among these variables differ as a function of socioeconomic
strata (SES) level. A total of 94 5–6-year-old children, 47 from low SES (LSES) and 47 from high (HSES) families, and their
mothers participated. Mother–child interactions while reading an unfamiliar book were videotaped and their verbal expressions
were coded for extracting maternal mediation level. Children’s independent EL level was assessed prior to the interaction.
Compared with the LSES group, HSES children showed higher EL levels and their homes had a richer literacy environment. Maternal
mediation level differed by SES: LSES mothers paraphrased text more often; HSES mothers’ higher mediation level included a
discussion of the written system and making connections beyond the text. In the HSES group, maternal mediation level and HLE
related to children’s EL; no such relationships appeared in the LSES group. Results are discussed in terms of children’s socio-economic
background and their reading experiences. Implications for researchers and educational practices about the relationships between
children’s literacy development, SES, HLE, and parental mediation are discussed. 相似文献
10.
This study investigated the effect of type of control and level of feedback during computer-based instruction. Subjects completed a computer lesson about the microscope that presented either mandatory or optional practice questions. Practice was accompanied by either elaboration feedback, correct-answer feedback, or no feedback. Results indicated that level of feedback had a significant effect on achievement and attitudes. Implications for including feedback in computer-based instruction are discussed. 相似文献