Academic Workload and Working Time: Retrospective Perceptions Versus Time‐Series Data     

Svein Kyvik 《Higher Education Quarterly》2013,67(1):2-14

The purpose of this article is to examine the validity of perceptions by academic staff about their past and present workload and working hours. Retrospective assessments are compared with time‐series data. The data are drawn from four mail surveys among academic staff in Norwegian universities undertaken in the period 1982–2008. The findings show that many academic staff retrospectively perceive that expectations of their work and task performance have increased and hence that they now work longer hours. In contrast, when time‐ series data are used to measure changes in time use (on an aggregate level) no empirical evidence is found in support of this claim; instead, a slight decline in the average number of weekly working hours can be observed. Two possible reasons for this disparity are discussed. First, that heavier workloads do not necessarily imply that academic staff work longer hours. Second, that younger generations of academic staff may report fewer work hours than previous counterparts.  相似文献   

Educational reforms in Norway: improving the status of school science?     

Svein Sj⊘berg  Doris Jorde 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(4):519-529

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The relationship between basic and applied research in universities     

Peter James Bentley  Magnus Gulbrandsen  Svein Kyvik 《Higher Education》2015,70(4):689-709

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The geography of opportunity: spatial heterogeneity in founding rates and the performance of biotechnology firms   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Toby Stuart  Olav Sorenson 《Research Policy》2003,32(2):229-253

One of the most commonly observed features of the organization of markets is that similar business enterprises cluster in physical space. In this paper, we develop an explanation for firm co-location in high-technology industries that draws upon a relational account of new venture creation. We argue that industries cluster because entrepreneurs find it difficult to leverage the social ties necessary to mobilize essential resources when they reside far from those resources. Therefore, opportunities for high tech entrepreneurship mirror the distribution of critical resources. The same factors that enable high tech entrepreneurship, however, do not necessary promote firm performance. In the empirical analyses, we investigate the effects of geographic proximity to established biotechnology firms, sources of biotechnology expertise (highly-skilled labor), and venture capitalists on the location-specific founding rates and performance of biotechnology firms. The paper finds that the local conditions that promote new venture creation differ from those that maximize the performance of recently established companies.  相似文献   

Researchers as evaluators: tasks, tensions and politics     

Liv Langfeldt  Svein Kyvik 《Higher Education》2011,62(2):199-212

Researchers undertake a number of different research evaluation tasks, taking up a substantial part of their research time—estimated to about one work month per year for a professor. This paper addresses the various evaluator roles and tasks researchers take on, and the tensions they involve. How the research evaluator role may conflict with the researcher role and with societal expectations is discussed, as well as the intrinsic tensions in peer review; including expertise vs. impartiality, evaluators as neutral judges vs. exercise of power and influence, divergent peer assessments vs. the need for unanimous conclusions in peer panels, peer review vs. increase in quantitative indicators, and accountability to society vs. peer review as preserving the autonomy of science. The examination of these tensions provides insight in the political aspects of peer review, and a basis for discussing an agenda for future studies on the role of peer evaluators. Major future challenges for peer review concern how to meet demands for transparency and public accountability, and maintain academic autonomy.  相似文献   

Structural changes in higher education systems in Western Europe     

Svein Kyvik 《Higher Education in Europe》2004,29(3):393-409

This article gives an overview and analysis of structural changes of higher education systems in Western Europe, and how the various countries have changed their systems over the last four decades. Emphasis is placed on the development of a non‐university higher education sector in most countries. The question to be discussed is the extent to which the various countries converge to a common structural model for the organization of higher education – either a binary system which is the most common model today, or a unified but hierarchical system as in the United Kingdom.  相似文献   

The democratic university and regional development     

Olav Holt 《Prospects》1979,9(4):486-490

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Aid effectiveness in education: Why it matters     

Desmond Bermingham  Olav Rex Christensen  Timo Casjen Mahn 《Prospects》2009,39(2):129-145

This article introduces the special issue of Prospects on “Aid effectiveness in education”. It brings together case studies of attempts in several very different contexts to improve the effectiveness of the use of aid in the education sector. By drawing on the historical evolution of the new paradigm over the last 20 years, the authors make the case for a closer focus on aid’s effectiveness in education, as well as the need to reform the aid effectiveness architecture. In particular, they identify two major obstacles that need to be overcome to improve aid’s effectiveness in education: the lack of sufficient institutional and staff incentives for coordinated and harmonized behaviour; and factors that lead to risk-aversion and discourage innovation in delivering aid effectively.  相似文献   

A pedagogy of place. Outdoor education for a changing world     

Svein Kårhus 《Sport, Education and Society》2013,18(5):688-692

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PISA and scientific literacy: similarities and differences between the nordic countries     

Marit Kjærnsli  Svein Lie 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(3):271-286

In this paper we have set out to search for similarities and differences between the Nordic countries concerning patterns of competencies defined as scientific literacy in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) study. The first part focuses on gender differences concerning the two types of competencies, understanding of scientific concepts versus skills in scientific reasoning, based on analyses of sum scores of groups of items. The second part focuses on differences and similarities between countries based on item‐by‐item analyses. Correlations between each Nordic country (as well as the Nordic group as a whole) and every other country have been used to look for a Nordic pattern. In the last part cluster analysis has been used to see how countries establish clusters and whether these clusters represent meaningful groups in a geographical, cultural or political context.  相似文献