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Sentaro Koshida Takanori Ishii Tadamitsu Matsuda Toshihiko Hashimoto 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(4):417-424
It is generally accepted that proper learning of the breakfall technique during early judo training is essential for attenuating the risk of judo-related head injury. Therefore, it is critical to understand the kinematics and head injury risks of breakfall motion to design a more safe and effective judo teaching paradigm that results in reduction of injury risk. We aimed to investigate the biomechanics of judo backward breakfalls by comparing osoto-gari and ouchi-gari in novice judokas. Twelve male novice judokas (age: 21.3 years, SD?=?0.6 years; height: 1.74?m, SD?=?0.04?m; body weight: 71.3, SD?=?6.4?kg; body mass index: 23.5, SD?=?2.3) volunteered to participate in this study. The kinematic data of the breakfall motion for both osoto-gari and ouchi-gari were collected using a three-dimensional motion analysis technique (200?Hz). We observed significant differences between the movement patterns for the two techniques, especially in the lower extremity movements. In addition, a significantly greater peak extension momentum (osoto-gari: 1.29, SD?=?0.23?kg?m2?s?1; ouchi-gari: 0.84, SD?=?0.29?kg?m2?s?1) and lower head position along the vertical axis (osoto-gari: 0.18, SD?=?0.05?m; ouchi-gari: 0.31, SD?=?0.08?m) with a large effect size were found in the breakfall for osoto-gari. Our results suggest that a different paradigm is needed for effectively teaching each breakfall technique that will enable us to substantially lower the risk of judo-related head injuries in novice judokas. 相似文献
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Scales to assess Japanese school environment were constructed based on the Classroom Environment Scale (CES) (Moos & Trickett,
1974) and a Japanese scale (Hirata, 1994). Factor analysis revealed four factors extracted from 61 items: Teacher Control,
Sense of Isolation, Order and Discipline, and ‘Wa’ Affiliation. The resulting Classroom Environment Scale (CES-J) consists
of 29 items. In Study I, 635 pupils from four junior high schools were compared on the CES-J, and statistically significant
school differences were found for Sense of Isolation, Order & Discipline and ‘Wa’ Affiliation. In Study II, the CES-J was
administered to 266 junior high school students, 106 juvenile delinquents and 11 non-attendant pupils. Delinquents showed
a stronger sense of isolation in the classroom, and non-attendant students reported more maladjustment regarding affiliation
with classmates. The results suggest that the CES-J is useful for assessing students' perceptions of the characteristics of
their schools. It was necessary to modify the CES for use in Japan, as well as for the factors which delineate the Japanese
school environment.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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We have conducted a study to: (1) verify the exhaustiveness of pooling for the purpose of constructing a large-scale test collection, and (2) examine whether a difference in the number of pool documents can affect the relative evaluation of IR systems. We carried out the experiments using search topics, their relevance assessments, and the search results that were submitted for both the pre-test and test of the first NTCIR Workshop.Our results verified the efficiency and the effectiveness of the pooling method, the exhaustiveness of the relevance assessments, and the reliability of the evaluation using the test collection based on the pooling method. 相似文献
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Sentaro Koshida Takanori Ishii Tadamitsu Matsuda Toshihiko Hashimoto 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(11):1059-1065
Previous studies suggest that increasing the skill level of judokas will decrease the number of head injuries sustained during judo. However, the kinematics are poorly understood, making it difficult to establish an effective breakfall teaching programme. Therefore, we studied the kinematic parameters of breakfall for osoto-gari to identify the risk of judo-related head injuries by comparing experienced and novice judokas. This information will provide insight into developing a better prevention plan for judo-related head injuries.
A total of 10 experienced and 12 novice judokas volunteered to participate in this study. The kinematic data of the breakfall motion for osoto-gari were collected using a three-dimensional motion analysis technique (200 Hz).
We observed a significantly higher peak neck extension momentum in the novice group than in the experienced group. This suggests that neck extension momentum during breakfall is associated with the risk of head injuries during judo. In addition, the novice judokas demonstrated a significantly greater flexed pattern in the trunk and hip movement than the experienced judokas (P < 0.05). The results suggest that the trunk and lower extremity motion are important kinematic parameters that determine the skill level in performing the breakfall for osoto-gari. 相似文献
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Yukiko Kawashiro Reiko Anahara Toshihiko Kohno Chisato Mori Yoshiharu Matsuno 《Anatomical sciences education》2009,2(6):273-279
At Chiba University, gross anatomy laboratory sessions (“laboratories”) are required for physical therapy students. Though most physical therapy schools require their students to participate in laboratories so that they will better understand the structure of the human body, few data exist on the value of these laboratories specifically for physical therapy students. We administered questionnaires to physical therapy undergraduate students both before and after they participated in laboratories. Questionnaire items focused on student attitudes toward the laboratories and on human life and dignity. Data from 83 students were analyzed, with the following results: (1) 74.7% of students had a positive attitude about attending laboratories before doing so; (2) with few exceptions, students' attitudes about upcoming laboratories grew more positive after experiencing the laboratory work (P < 0.001); (3) laboratories caused students to contemplate the topics of human life and dignity; and (4) 83.1% of students hoped to participate in laboratories at least four times. These results indicate that laboratories reinforce physical therapy students' positive attitudes about laboratory learning and promote student reflection on human life and dignity. This study provides support for the implementation of multiple laboratory sessions using cadavers into a uniform curriculum for physical therapy students in Japan. Anat Sci Educ 2: 273–279, 2009. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists. 相似文献
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Toshihiko Hashimoto Takanori Ishii Naoyuki Okada Masahiro Itoh 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(13):1356-1365
In this study, eight judo athletes who are major candidates for the Japan national team were recruited as participants. Kinematic analysis of exemplary ukemi techniques was carried out using two throws, o-soto-gari, a throw linked to frequent injury, and o-uchi-gari. The aim of this study was to kinematically quantify the timing patterns of exemplary ukemi techniques and to obtain kinematic information of the head, in a sequence of ukemi from the onset of the throw to the completion of ukemi. The results indicated that the vertical velocity with which the uke’s head decelerated was reduced by increasing the body surface exposed to the collision with the tatami and by increasing the elapsed time. In particular, overall upper limb contact with the tatami is greatly associated with deceleration. In o-soto-gari, the impulsive force on the faller’s head as the head reached the lowest point was 204.82 ± 19.95 kg m · s–2 while in o-uchi-gari it was 118.46 ± 63.62 kg m · s–2, z = ?1.75, P = 0.08, and it did present a large-sized effect with r = 0.78. These findings indicate that the exemplary o-soto-gari as compared to o-uchi-gari is the technique that causes more significant damage to the uke’s head. 相似文献
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Toshihiko?HayamizuEmail author Kazuyo?Kino Kuniko?Takagi Eng-Hai?Tan 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2004,5(2):127-135
The purpose of this study is to examine whether a new construct “Assumed-Competence based on undervaluing others (AC)” could
be a determinant of anger and sadness for contemporary Japanese adolescents. A set of questionnaires was administered to 584
high school students, who rated ACS-2 (Assumed-Competence Scale, second version), Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale, in relation
to their perceived emotional reactions toward certain negative personal and social events, and other scales. The results indicated
that the students who got angry at personal events were likely to have high AC. However, those who felt neither anger nor
sadness in relation to such social events were likely to have high AC. The role of AC in emotional reactions and suggestions
for future research was also discussed. 相似文献
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