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Empirical modeling of the score distributions associated with retrieved documents is an essential task for many retrieval
applications. In this work, we propose modeling the relevant documents’ scores by a mixture of Gaussians and the non-relevant
scores by a Gamma distribution. Applying Variational Bayes we automatically trade-off the goodness-of-fit with the complexity
of the model. We test our model on traditional retrieval functions and actual search engines submitted to TREC. We demonstrate
the utility of our model in inferring precision-recall curves. In all experiments our model outperforms the dominant exponential-Gaussian
model. 相似文献
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Bobby Virgil Cole Nicholas J. Sauers 《Journal of Research on Technology in Education》2018,50(3):200-213
One of the fastest growing, most discussed, and most expensive technology initiatives over the last decade has been one-to-one (1:1) computing initiatives. The purpose of this study was to examine key factors that influenced implementing and sustaining 1:1 computing initiatives from the perspective of school superintendents. Nine superintendents of established 1:1 programs were interviewed, and findings identified five themes for successful implementation and sustainability of 1:1 initiatives. (Keywords: 1:1 schools, school technology leadership, 1:1 implementation) 相似文献
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In Experiment 1, rats received escape training in which an exteroceptive feedback cue occurred in the safe box, and safe-box confinement durations of 5 or 20 sec were combined orthogonally with shock-box confinement durations of 5 or 20 sec. Exteroceptive feedback reliably facilitated escape performance relative to no-feedback controls when safe-box confinement was relatively longer than shock-box confinement. Confinement duration also facilitated performance in the absence of exteroceptive feedback. In Experiment 2, escape training with or without feedback was followed by extinction either with the feedback condition of prior training or with the opposite feedback condition. Feedback presentations in extinction reliably increased responding. Feedback removal reliably decreased responding relative to feedback controls. Introduction of feedback in extinction reliably enhanced performance relative to no-feedback controls. 相似文献
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Virgil L. Baker 《Quarterly Journal of Speech》2013,99(1):133-141
An Essay on Elocution. By Samuel Kirkham. New York 1833. Elements of Beading and Oratory. By Henry Mandeville, D. D. New York 1849. 相似文献
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Despite research demonstrating the importance of recess and free play for children, schools have been reducing free play time for more academic pursuits (Ramstetter et al. in J Sch Health 80:517–526, 2010; Waite-Stupiansky and Findlay in Educ Forum 66:16–25, 2001). Recently, there has been renewed interest in understanding the critical role that free play has for children’s development. The current study was designed to contribute to this literature as well as investigate how the type of environment in which children play influences their behaviour in the classroom. Children in grades 3–5 were tested before and after recess on cognitive measures of sustained attention and creativity. We found an increase in children’s sustained attention after recess. We additionally found that the type of environment in which children played differed depending on children’s behaviour and traits. Our findings suggest that recess is an important factor in children’s performance in school and should be considered an important part of the school day. Furthermore, we suggest that researchers should consider how individual differences influence the relationship between recess and children’s performance in the classroom. Implications of this research for schools are considered. 相似文献
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Bioengineering and Bioinformatics Summer Institutes: meeting modern challenges in undergraduate summer research 
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下载免费PDF全文 Summer undergraduate research programs in science and engineering facilitate research progress for faculty and provide a close-ended research experience for students, which can prepare them for careers in industry, medicine, and academia. However, ensuring these outcomes is a challenge when the students arrive ill-prepared for substantive research or if projects are ill-defined or impractical for a typical 10-wk summer. We describe how the new Bioengineering and Bioinformatics Summer Institutes (BBSI), developed in response to a call for proposals by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Science Foundation (NSF), provide an impetus for the enhancement of traditional undergraduate research experiences with intense didactic training in particular skills and technologies. Such didactic components provide highly focused and qualified students for summer research with the goal of ensuring increased student satisfaction with research and mentor satisfaction with student productivity. As an example, we focus on our experiences with the Penn State Biomaterials and Bionanotechnology Summer Institute (PSU-BBSI), which trains undergraduates in core technologies in surface characterization, computational modeling, cell biology, and fabrication to prepare them for student-centered research projects in the role of materials in guiding cell biology. 相似文献
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Cassie L. Barnhardt Ryan L. Young Jessica K. E. Sheets Carson W. Phillips Eugene T. Parker III Kimberly Reyes 《Research in higher education》2017,58(3):313-339
Using a census sampling, this analysis evaluates the campus structures and practices that are predictive of a campus being affiliated with stakeholder legal advocacy regarding the Fisher Supreme Court affirmative action case of 2013. Findings reveal that a campus utilizing selective admissions operated as a sufficient, but not a necessary, requirement to prompt stakeholders to take a legal position in the case. Also, campuses that enrolled and graduated the largest percentages of nonwhite students were inclined to have stakeholders submit amicus briefs advocating support for UT-Austin and the use of race in selective college admissions. 相似文献
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