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1.
Becoming a social partner with peers: cooperation and social understanding in one- and two-year-olds
One- and two-year-old peer dyads were presented with a simple cooperative task. Age differences were found in amount of coordinated activity, monitoring the peer's activity and location in relation to the goal, and attempting to achieve the goal when the peer was (or was not) available as a partner. One-year-olds' coordinated actions appeared more coincidental than cooperative whereas older children appeared to be more actively cooperating toward a shared goal. Differences in coordinated activity with peers were associated with differences in attention sharing with an adult and with language about self and other. The ability to cooperate with peers, becoming a true social partner, develops over the 2nd and 3rd years of life in concert with growing social understanding. 相似文献
2.
Revathi Ananthakrishnan 《Resonance》1999,4(4):12-19
The standard solar model with the standard electroweak theory does not explain the solar neutrino problem. However, a slight modification to this theory, in which there is a mass difference in the neutrinos and mixing between them, does seem to explain the experimental observations. However to test conclusively the theory and oscillation effect, a detector which can detect separately the charged current interactions of the electron neutrinos and neutral current interaction of both the neutrinos with matter and also give accurate measurements of the two interactions is to be built. The next generation of solar neutrino experiments aims to test the above theory. One experiment, which proposes to detect neutrinos through both neutral and charged current interactions, is the Water Cherenkov Detector of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) at Ontario, Canada. Another Water Cherenkov Detector,the massive Super Kamiokande detector, has just become operational and the analysis of the data being collected from the detector are being reported in many conferences. The scientists at Kamiokande have very recently reported at the Neutrino ’98 Conference the exciting result that the neutrino does have a mass. They are now clear that they have reached a level of understanding in Neutrino Astrophysics, where neutrino oscillation solutions can be discussed. 相似文献
3.
There is ample evidence that vitamin status of an individual can have a profound influence on the resistance of Cancer. Pyridoxine
is one of the water soluble vitamins playing an important role in various metabolic reactions. Aspartate aminotransferase
and Alanine aminotransferase are pyridoxal phosphate requiring enzymes and their activities in erythrocytes have been used
to assess the state of vitamin B6 nutrition in man.
We report here the erythrocyte transaminase levels in controls and patients with early and advanced cancer of breast. Thein vitro study of vitamin B6 shows a marked difference in the per cent stimulation in patients as compared to the controls on addition of pyridoxal phosphate.
The difference indicates a subclinical deficiency of vitamin B6. The possibility exists that the rapid progression of the disease could be due to lack of host resistance caused by the deficiency
of vitamin B6. The possibility of an effective treatment response after enhancing the vitamin B6 status is being looked into. 相似文献
4.
Ninger Zhou Nielsen L. Pereira Tarun Thomas George Jeffrey Alperovich Joran Booth Senthil Chandrasegaran Jeffrey David Tew Devadatta M. Kulkarni Karthik Ramani 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2017,26(5):481-493
The societal demand for inspiring and engaging science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) students and preparing our workforce for the emerging creative economy has necessitated developing students’ self-efficacy and understanding of engineering design processes from as early as elementary school levels. Hands-on engineering design activities have shown the potential to promote middle school students’ self-efficacy and understanding of engineering design processes. However, traditional classrooms often lack hands-on engineering design experiences, leaving students unprepared to solve real-world design problems. In this study, we introduce the framework of a toy design workshop and investigate the influence of the workshop activities on students’ understanding of and self-efficacy beliefs in engineering design. Using a mixed method approach, we conducted quantitative analyses to show changes in students’ engineering design self-efficacy and qualitative analyses to identify students’ understanding of the engineering design processes. Findings show that among the 24 participants, there is a significant increase in students’ self-efficacy beliefs after attending the workshop. We also identified major themes such as design goals and prototyping in students’ understanding of engineering design processes. This research provides insights into the key elements of middle school students’ engineering design learning and the benefits of engaging middle school students in hands-on toy design workshops. 相似文献
5.
Access to affordable lifesaving medicines is considered a human right. This leads to a question largely understudied in the catch-up literature on accumulation of industrial capabilities. Can the need to improve access to an essential commodity impact the sectoral catch-up trajectory of the corresponding industry? In 1996, Brazil initiated a policy of universal and free access to highly-active ARV therapy, which put an enormous pressure on the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MoH). In order to ensure an adequate supply of ARVs in the public healthcare system with a limited budget, MoH started negotiating price reductions for high-cost patented drugs, often deploying the threat of using compulsory licensing. Through a scoping review of the literature and construction of the Brazilian case study, the paper explores how the need to access is impacted by prior catch-up in the pharmaceutical sector and triggers in turn future sectoral catch-up. It shows that price negotiations may or may not impact both catch-up and access positively. Catch-up can provide bargaining strength in price negotiations and have a positive inter-temporal impact on both future catch-up and access. However, results suggest that only successful catch-up can lead to long term access, as the capabilities accumulated in aborted catch-up are not sufficient for large scale production of low cost essential medicines. Thus, industrial policy and health policy can impact one another and twining between catch-up and access can be helpful. 相似文献
6.
Promoting broad and stable improvements in low-income children's numerical knowledge through playing number board games 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Theoretical analyses of the development of numerical representations suggest that playing linear number board games should enhance young children's numerical knowledge. Consistent with this prediction, playing such a game for roughly 1 hr increased low-income preschoolers' (mean age = 5.4 years) proficiency on 4 diverse numerical tasks: numerical magnitude comparison, number line estimation, counting, and numeral identification. The gains remained 9 weeks later. Classmates who played an identical game, except for the squares varying in color rather than number, did not improve on any measure. Also as predicted, home experience playing number board games correlated positively with numerical knowledge. Thus, playing number board games with children from low-income backgrounds may increase their numerical knowledge at the outset of school. 相似文献
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8.
Ananthakrishnan Ramani Sudhakar S. Nayak A. R. Aroor G. N. Kundaje 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1991,6(1):59-64
Both cigarette smoking and propranolol administration significantly alter plasma lipid profile. We examined the relationship
of cigarette smoking and propranolol administration with fasting serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoprotein cholesterol
subfractions (high density, low density, and very low density), Apo-A, Apo-B and ratios obtained from these variables in 42
hypertensive patients. Significantly lower values of HDL cholesterol, Apo-A and HDL-C/total cholesterol and Apo-A/Apo-B ratios
were observed in smokers taking propranolol than non-smokers not taking propranolol. Smokers who were not on propranolol also
had significantly lower values as compared to non-smokers. These findings suggest that smoking may be the more significant
factor responsible for alteration in lipid profile. 相似文献
9.
This study examined parent–child math talk within three contexts (formal learning; guided play; unguided play) in order to identify characteristics of activities supporting high-quality math engagement. Seventy-two dyads of parents and 4- and 5-year-olds were observed using a set of toy foods; instructions and materials varied across conditions. Parents and children engaged in the most math talk in formal learning; guided play also yielded more math talk than unguided play. Parents rated the formal learning and guided play activities as equally supportive of math learning, but rated the guided play activity as more enjoyable than the formal learning activity. The findings have implications for how parents should be encouraged to support preschoolers’ math learning. 相似文献
10.
Early development of body self-awareness was examined in 57 children at 18, 22, or 26 months of age, using tasks designed to require objective representation of one's own body. All children made at least one body representation error, with approximately 2.5 errors per task on average. Errors declined with age. Children's performance on comparison tasks that required them to reason about the relative size of objects and about objects as obstacles, without considering their own bodies, was unrelated to performance on the body awareness tasks. Thus, the ability to represent and reflect on one's own body explicitly and objectively may be a unique dimension of early development, a distinct component of objective self-awareness that emerges in this age period. 相似文献