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BILLY V. KOEN 《European Journal of Engineering Education》1988,13(3):307-315
Study of the engineering method is important in order to understand our world. The environment of man is a collage of engineering problem solutions. Political alliances and economic structures have changed dramatically as a result of the telephone, the computer, the atomic bomb, and space exploration—all undeniably products of the engineering method. Look around the room in which you are now sitting. What do you find that was not developed, produced, or delivered by the engineer? What could be more important than to understand the strategy for change whose results surround us now and, some think, threaten to suffocate, to pollute, and to bomb us out of existence? This article redresses this situation by presenting a philosophically justifiable definition of Engineering Method that is gaining wide acceptance in the United States. 相似文献
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FRANK B. BAKER 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1984,21(4):399-406
Until recently, computers and computer related technology have been used in testing primarily to provide large scale programs with cost effective scoring and reporting. However, the "microcomputer revolution" is beginning to have a significant impact on how technology is being employed in testing. The present paper reviews a number of existing applications where microcomputers have been successfully employed in the context of testing. Then, future trends in both technology and instruction are examined for possible impact upon testing. 相似文献
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A survey was sent to research libraries in the United States and Canada to learn about the level of effort involved in working with vendors' usage reports, how the data are used, and which data are most useful to librarians in managing electronic resources. Ninety‐two responses were received and analyzed. Lack of standards and inconsistencies in the usage data were identified as issues in effectively preparing the data for further analysis. In fact, the results showed that more time was spent acquiring, reformatting, and manipulating the data than on actually analyzing them. The number of full‐text downloads was specified as the most useful statistic for assessing the use of electronic resources. 相似文献
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STANLEY B. BAKER 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1994,33(4):314-326
A review of the research on the effects of teaching experience on success as a school counselor led to a conclusion that it is an unfair and unwise certification criterion. 相似文献
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We describe some of Merl's more subtle contributions that extended beyond his own prodigious scholarly record, his high-quality teaching, and his mentoring of students. The context of our remarks on Programmatic R&D focuses on his contribution to the University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Education. Merl was the first director of the Center for the Study of Evaluation. When leadership passed to his then associate director, Marvin C. Alkin, Merl focused on his greater interest in the area of learning. His work on generative theory, referenced throughout this issue, was adapted with our own interests in complex learning and measurement. His work influenced the research agenda of the National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing. A great debt is owed to Merl Wittrock for helping to articulate and model the kinds of research that took theory into usable practice. 相似文献
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EVA L. BAKER 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1971,8(4):305-309
Described are the effects of four sets of instructions on the observed item inter- correlations of current events and subtraction items. The four conditions were: (a) general objective, (b) behavioral objective, (c) behavioral objective plus test item, and (d) behavioral objective plus item-form. Two tests, one in each subject matter, constructed by selecting four items generated from each of the experimental conditions, were administered to 51 seventh grade children. Not found were the expected tendencies toward greater homogeneity among items produced under the three conditions employing behavioral objectives. 相似文献
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STANLEY B. BAKER ELAINE JOHNSON MARY KOPALA NANCY J. STROUT 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1985,25(1):31-43
To study the effects of behavioral versus mental rehearsal in acquiring test interpretation skills, we randomly assigned students in a counseling-related testing course to one of two training groups or to a delayed-control (DC) group. The treatment groups received identical instructions, modeling, feedback, and review of target skills but practiced in either a microskills (MS) or mental practice (MP) mode. Ratings of videotaped interviews of the MS and MP trainees did not differ but were superior to the DC group's ratings on measures of general counseling and test interpretation skills. Those in the MS group had more confidence in and perceived greater benefits from their training than did those in the MP group. Implications are discussed, and a suggestion is made for combining MS and MP training methods. 相似文献
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STANLEY B. BAKER MICHAEL E. SCOFIELD WAYNE W. MUNSON LAWRENCE T. CLAYTON 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1983,23(1):71-82
Students enrolled in an introductory counselor education course who lacked training and experience as interviewers were randomly assigned to one of two short-term attending and responding skills training groups or a wait-control (WC) group. Brief microskills practice (MS) and mental practice (MP) training methods were used in the two treatment groups. All students conducted posttraining simulated counseling interviews, and their videotapes provided data for analysis of the quality of their interview competence and their proficiency with attending and responding skills. MANOVA and follow-up analyses of data from independent ratings of the videotapes indicated that MS was superior to MP and WC on attending skills, MP led to superior performance on responding skills, and neither MP nor MS led to significant differences in perceived competence on qualitative dimensions. 相似文献