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Educational technology research and development - The transition from paper-based tests to corresponding computer-administered tests allows for the incorporation of improved interfaces that support...  相似文献   
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This article presents the first results of an investigation in a scholastic context aimed a determining the conditions that favour the acquisition of knowledge in biology within interactions in groups of 4 pupils. There were three work sessions in small groups, and some sessions in class groups. The pupils’ conceptions were assessed at the beginning and the end of learning as well as at the beginning of the first and second group sessions. The pupils had to compare their ideas and draw one or several pictures with a caption or some sentences to explain if necessary. Interactional analysis showed that the co-development-type interactive dynamics (according to Gilly) contribute to constructing the conceptual field studied owing to the questions the pupils ask one another. Conflicting comparison-type dynamics are benficial providing that each pupil does not put forward only arguments that contribute to confirminghis own opinions. Moreover, it seems that the quality of the interactions depends on the tasks the pupils are requested to accomplish.  相似文献   
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The developmental trajectories of behavioral control and resiliency from early childhood to adolescence and their effects on early onset of substance use were examined. Behavioral control is the tendency to express or contain one's impulses and behaviors. Resiliency is the ability to adapt flexibly one's characteristic level of control in response to the environment. Study participants were 514 children of alcoholics and matched controls from a longitudinal community sample (Time 1 age in years: M =4.32, SD =0.89). Children with slower rates of increase in behavioral control were more likely to use alcohol and other drugs in adolescence. Children with higher initial levels of resiliency were less likely to begin using alcohol.  相似文献   
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Health service psychology has been slow to create a leadership mentoring model. A survey of former chairs of the American Psychological Association of Graduate Students and American Psychological Association’s Committee on Early Career Psychologists revealed that: (a) early career leaders had at least one mentor who explicitly supported their leadership development; (b) these mentoring relationships were both formal and informal; (c) peer mentoring was invaluable for fostering success; and (d) mentorship relationships were critical in preparing respondents for their roles. A preliminary framework and associated guidance for leadership mentoring in psychology is proposed.  相似文献   
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We investigated risk factors in a population-based sample of alcoholic (father) and comparison families with 3-year-old sons. Alcoholic and comparison parents did not differ in socioeconomic status (SES), education, years married, family size, or cognitive functioning. Anti-social behavior and depression were significantly greater in alcoholic parents. High risk children were more impulsive than comparison children, but there were no differences in developmental age, IQ, or behavior problems. A higher percentage of high-risk children were rated in the extreme clinical range for behavior problems than were comparison children. For alcoholic families, mothers' ratings of their children's total behavior problems, externalizing behavior problems, and internalizing behavior problems were predicted by mothers' lifetime alcohol problems, current depression, and family SES. Father variables failed to predict children's behavior problems. Maternal variables were stronger predictors of their 3-year-old sons' problem behaviors than were paternal variables.  相似文献   
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Intelligent control systems are able to work well in uncertain nonlinear systems, mainly for: changes in the operating point, presence of environmental noise and disturbances, uncertainty in sensor measurements, miscalibration, uncertain model plant, and others. For instance, fuzzy controllers have been widely studied and applied. Recently, artificial organic controllers (AOC) have been proposed as an ensemble of fuzzy logic and artificial hydrocarbon networks. However, a weakness in AOC is the lack of training methods for tuning parameters for desired output responses in control. In this regard, this paper aims to introduce an evolutionary optimization method, i.e. particle swarm optimization, for tuning artificial organic controllers. Three objectives are proposed for automatic tuning of AOC: overall error, steady-state error and settling time of output response. The proposed methodology is implemented in the well-known cart-pole system. Also, the proposed method is applied on a one-leg unstable mechanism as case study. Results validate that automatic tuning of AOC over simulation systems can achieve suitable output responses with minimal overall error, steady-state error and settling time.  相似文献   
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Football might not be as popular as basketball in the Philippines, but it has a loyal following. In 2012, broadcaster Arnold Clavio claimed that members of the Men’s National Team, the Azkals, were not true Filipinos. Most of the Azkals are children of Filipinos and foreign nationals, and spent their childhood abroad. Clavio’s statement prompted an online writing storm, which the researcher analyzed to examine how Filipinos constructed their identity. Analysis showed that Azkals supporters constructed the Filipino as a ‘citizen of the world’, with a dynamic identity defined by individual emotions. Clavio supporters tended to construct the Filipino as a ‘citizen of the country only’, with an identity fixed by location and acted out in culture. The debate centred on whether Filipino identity could be inherited but changed, or was fixed and immutable. These struggles raise interesting questions on national identity and unity, whether or not football is involved.  相似文献   
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