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Conclusion In this paper we briefly described the current status of research in the field of digital libraries interoperability, mainly with respect to federated data processing such as permitted within the Open Archive Initiative framework. We then presented the CERN Document Server Software suite that is a free software package main-tained by CERN providing an online digital library solution for mid- to large-sized document repositories. The set of CDSware modules was described and the differ-ences with other existing tools briefly mentioned. Finally we have mentioned a typical usage statistics illustrating the scope of grey literature and networked con-ditions of the CERN Document Server. We pointed out that the current trend in grey literature management goes toward institutional repositories build upon the distributed and federated model. Further research is going on within the CDS collaboration in this area, focused particularly on (i) semantic interoperability using ontologies in distributed and federated data processing and (ii) ranking technologies when searching grey literature in OAI compliant repositories.  相似文献   
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Four-month-old infants were habituated with an upright or an upside-down face. Eye-movement recordings showed that the upright and upside-down faces were not explored the same way. Infants spent more time exploring internal features, mainly in the region of the nose and mouth, when the face was upright. They also alternated as frequently between the face's internal features (eyes vs. nose/mouth) as between external and internal features. When the face was upside down, the infants spent half of their time exploring external features, and preferentially alternated between external features and internal features. The main effect of inversion was a decrease of the looking time to the nose/mouth region and of the number of shifts between the eye region and the nose/mouth region.  相似文献   
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欧洲近代出版业是冲破王政时期书业管理制度,于1780年左右在法国、英国和德国同时兴起的。自此之后,出版业脱离了造纸业、印刷业和零售业,一跃成为读者与作者的中介。引领出版业的不再是社会需求,而是供应。出版商奋力开拓市场,借助工业化的成果而将自己的影响扩散到几乎全体居民中间。作为这一活动的结果,大众文化于1860—1880年间,也就是在电影工业出现之前,已然在西方富有国家扎下根来。文章对这一百年过程进行了历史考察和社会分析。  相似文献   
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We present a low cost microfluidic chip integrating 3D micro-chambers for the capture and the analysis of cells. This device has a simple design and a small footprint. It allows the implementation of standard biological protocols in a chip format with low volume consumption. The manufacturing process relies on hot-embossing of cyclo olefin copolymer, allowing the development of a low cost and robust device. A 3D design of microchannels was used to induce high flow velocity contrasts in the device and provide a selective immobilization. In narrow distribution channels, the liquid velocity induces a shear stress that overcomes adhesion forces and prevents cell immobilization or clogging. In large 3D chambers, the liquid velocity drops down below the threshold for cell attachment. The devices can be operated in a large range of input pressures and can even be handled manually using simple syringe or micropipette. Even at high flow injection rates, the 3D structures protect the captured cell from shear stress. To validate the performances of our device, we implemented immuno-fluorescence labeling and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) analysis on cancer cell lines and on a patient pleural effusion sample. FISH is a Food and Drug Administration approved cancer diagnostic technique that provides quantitative information about gene and chromosome aberration at the single cell level. It is usually considered as a long and fastidious test in medical diagnosis. This process can be easily implanted in our platform, and high resolution fluorescence imaging can be performed with reduced time and computer intensiveness. These results demonstrate the potential of this chip as a low cost, robust, and versatile tool adapted to complex and demanding protocols for medical diagnosis.  相似文献   
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This paper triangulates perspectives on reflective pedagogy (Yancey, 2009), integrative learning (Eynon, 2009) and technology integration into learning and teaching (Wenzlaff, 1998) in order to connect the dots among a set of values, challenges and opportunities that concomitantly emerge from using eportfolios (electronic portfolios) in teacher education at BMCC (Borough of Manhattan Community College) in New York City. The aim of this paper is to share insights that could help to inform and encourage best practices across community colleges and other higher education institutions.  相似文献   
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The present study sought to gauge the impact of integrating pupils with disabilities in ordinary schools on the social representations of disability and otherness held by their classmates. In particular, we studied the effects of the disability’s visibility—a visible disability (i.e., cerebral palsy) versus a non-visible disability (i.e., severe learning difficulties)—and of “integration experience” (belonging to a class that may or may not include a pupil with a disability). Results showed that pupils shared the same representation of disability, made up mainly of pathological features. Disability also lay at the core of their representation of otherness, which was both rich and diversified. The peripheral components of these representations varied according to the participants’ experiences in the classroom and the visibility of the disability.  相似文献   
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A collaborative school consulting programme model, using functional assessment and applied behavioural techniques, was offered to secondary school teachers in two modalities: individual consultation and small-group consultation. The objective was to facilitate the integration of students with behavioural difficulties into mainstream secondary school classes. Both consulting programme modalities shared the same postulates. This article presents the stakeholders’ perceptions of the consulting model and its impacts on teachers and students. Presented here are the results of semi-structured interviews conducted with teachers (N = 42), resource persons accompanying individuals or groups (N = 11) and school managers (N = 8) in the programme’s first year of implementation. According to qualitative analysis of the interviews, these two models seem to have had positive impacts on teachers, especially in relation to their perceptions of students with behavioural difficulties and their understanding of behavioural problems. However, the group model is the one that elicited the most adhesion in all groups of actors.  相似文献   
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