Connecting inside out: Development of the social brain in infants and toddlers with a focus on myelination as a marker of brain maturation     

Nora Schneider  Elizabeth Greenstreet  Sean C. L. Deoni 《Child development》2022,93(2):359-371

Early childhood is a sensitive period for learning and social skill development. The maturation of cerebral regions underlying social processing lays the foundation for later social-emotional competence. This study explored myelin changes in social brain regions and their association with changes in parent-rated social-emotional development in a cohort of 129 children (64 females, 0–36 months, 77 White). Results reveal a steep increase in myelination throughout the social brain in the first 3 years of life that is significantly associated with social-emotional development scores. These findings add knowledge to the emerging picture of social brain development by describing neural underpinnings of human social behavior. They can contribute to identifying age-/stage-appropriate early life factors in this developmental domain.  相似文献   

京津冀协同下体育服务产业空间集聚水平研究     

徐磊 《河北体育学院学报》2020,34(4):65-70

运用区位熵及Moran’s I指数法并结合Moran散点图，对京津冀地区13个城市体育服务产业空间集聚与发展情况进行分析。测算结果显示，北京及河北省的石家庄市、秦皇岛市、承德市行业集聚水平显著。京津冀地区体育服务产业存在显著的空间正相关。除部分年份外，大部分河北省地级市呈低—低集聚，集聚两极分化现象显著。北京市充分发挥“赋能”作用，在渗透作用和空间邻近效应下，逐渐拉动临近城市体育服务产业发展。为加快京津冀地区体育服务产业发展，提出要科学引导规划体育服务产业集群发展，提高区域内集群产业关联性，加强体育服务产业集群创新体系建设。旨在为我国其他区域体育服务产业的结构优化、融合发展提供参考。  相似文献   

Does modality matter? A latent profile and transition analysis of sedentary behaviours among school-aged youth: The UP&DOWN study     

David Sánchez-Oliva  Rebecca M. Leech  Alberto Grao-Cruces  Irene Esteban-Cornejo  Carmen Padilla-Moledo  Oscar L. Veiga 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(9):1062-1069

ABSTRACT

The aims of this study were to identify profiles of sedentary behaviour (SB) patterns, based on leisure-time self-reported SB modalities (screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and to evaluate changes in these profiles over 2 years among Spanish youth aged 8–18 years. Latent profile analysis (LPA), a data-driven analytic approach, was used to identify groups of boys and girls (n = 1553; 48% girls; mean±SD age: 12.56 ± 2.49 y) with distinct SB profiles using the SB modalities (time/d) as input variables. Latent transition analysis, an extension of LPA that uses longitudinal data, was used to analyse 2-year changes in these profiles. At baseline, four and three SB profiles were found among boys (labelled: screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and girls (labelled: screen/social, educative, and relaxing), respectively. Overall, more girls (range: 48%-67%) had the same profile over time, than boys (40%-52%). Participants with a screen or relaxing SB profile at baseline were more likely to have an educative profile after 2 years. Youth with a social and an educative SB profile at baseline were more likely to transition to profiles characterized by higher screen and social SB, respectively. Using a novel and person-centered approach, this study identified gender-specific SB profiles that were moderately stable over time.  相似文献   

‘Just stick to the science’ is not enough     

Peterson  Erik L. 《Metascience》2019,28(1):147-150

  相似文献   

视力康复背景下体育锻炼与儿童动态视力关系研究及启示          下载免费PDF全文

潘景玲  蔡赓  殷荣宾  孙雷  王国祥 《体育科研》2019,(1):90-95

目的：探讨动态视力在不同类型体育项目间的发展特征，为体育锻炼改善视力的应用研究提供依据。方法：选取6~10岁无专门体育训练经历的在校学生和参加足球、乒乓球、跆拳道、空手道、游泳、体操等项目的俱乐部或体校学生，共603名。使用动态视力检测仪和标准对数视力灯箱测量动态视力和静态视力。计算动静比（动态视力/静态视力），并将其作为衡量动态视力发展水平的指标。结果：6~7岁是动态视力发展的敏感期（P＜0.05），8岁、10岁男性儿童的动静比高于女性儿童，且差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。校外体育练习组的动静比高于普通在校学生组（P＜0.05），开放性运动项目的动静比高于闭锁性运动项目（P＜0.05）。结论：参加体育锻炼对动态视力的发展有积极的影响，且不同运动项目的影响效果不同。  相似文献   

高校田径教学存在的问题及对策研究     

陶月  王磊 《体育科技文献通报》2020,(2):59-60,99

在高校教育中,田径课程是一门价值深远的体育课程,它不仅有增强人体机能、改善体内系统的效能,同时还有拓展视野、扩大交际范围和增强自我能力的作用,作为在高校体育中占有重要位置的一门课程。在社会经济不断深入发展的历史新时期里,传统的田径教学同大学生的自我能力发展要求已经不相适应,本文在此基础上,总结了几点主要问题和几项解决措施,希望能够为相关高校的田径教学工作者提供参考。  相似文献   

Digital Module 16: Longitudinal Data Analysis     

Jeffrey R. Harring  Tessa L. Johnson 《Educational Measurement》2020,39(3):137-138

In this digital ITEMS module, Dr. Jeffrey Harring and Ms. Tessa Johnson introduce the linear mixed effects (LME) model as a flexible general framework for simultaneously modeling continuous repeated measures data with a scientifically defensible function that adequately summarizes both individual change as well as the average response. The module begins with a nontechnical overview of longitudinal data analyses drawing distinctions with cross-sectional analyses in terms of research questions to be addressed. Nuances of longitudinal designs, timing of measurements, and the real possibility of missing data are then discussed. The three interconnected components of the LME model—(1) a model for individual and mean response profiles, (2) a model to characterize the covariation among the time-specific residuals, and (3) a set of models that summarize the extent that individual coefficients vary—are discussed in the context of the set of activities comprising an analysis. Finally, they demonstrate how to estimate the linear mixed effects model within an open-source environment (R). The digital module contains sample R code, diagnostic quiz questions, hands-on activities in R, curated resources, and a glossary.  相似文献   

气膜厚度对反气泡稳定性的影响     

安骥  何随龙  王鑫  陈磊  李根  郑洪 《上海海事大学学报》2020,41(1):111-115

为观察气膜厚度对反气泡稳定性的影响,通过加热反气泡内外溶液来加热气膜内气体从而改变气膜厚度。实验发现:在一定温度范围内,加热反气泡气膜可以延长其稳定时间,但是当加热反气泡气膜使其厚度超过其稳定存在的阈值时,反气泡的稳定性会急剧下降甚至无法产生反气泡;在一定温度范围内温度对溶液表面张力影响很小,这使得文中实验数据合理化。本文为反气泡稳定性的理论研究提供实验支持,并考虑到气膜厚度为微米级,可为微米级气膜传热提供实验素材。  相似文献   

主动·平等·深入--简析高校师生关系现状及处理原则     

张钊  马雷 《河北体育学院学报》2003,17(2):44-45

概括我国高等教育的发展现状,分析师生关系中存在的具有普遍意义的问题,并进一步探索解决方法,力求通过协调双方关系,更好地为21世纪的中国培养优秀人才.  相似文献   

新生儿窒息血糖异常50例临床分析     

马晓丹  舒蕾  王美清  黄婉云  马淑芬 《玉溪师范学院学报》2003,19(Z1):100-101

目的 :了解窒息新生儿血糖变化特点 ,为治疗提供依据 .方法 :对 1998年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 5月收住的窒息新生儿 2 0 4例进行血糖分析 .结果 :2 0 4例中发生血糖异常 5 0例 (2 4 .5 1% ) ,其中低血糖 14例 (6 .86 % ) ,高血糖 36例 (17.6 5 % ) .高血糖的发病率明显高于低血糖的发病率 .高血糖的发生与窒息程度有关 ,重度窒息血糖水平高于轻度窒息 .结论 :对窒息新生儿应严密监测血糖 ,掌握输糖速度 ,避免血糖异常加重脑损伤 .  相似文献