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Negation recognition in medical narrative reports 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Substantial medical data, such as discharge summaries and operative reports are stored in electronic textual form. Databases
containing free-text clinical narratives reports often need to be retrieved to find relevant information for clinical and
research purposes. The context of negation, a negative finding, is of special importance, since many of the most frequently
described findings are such. When searching free-text narratives for patients with a certain medical condition, if negation
is not taken into account, many of the documents retrieved will be irrelevant. Hence, negation is a major source of poor precision
in medical information retrieval systems. Previous research has shown that negated findings may be difficult to identify if
the words implying negations (negation signals) are more than a few words away from them. We present a new pattern learning
method for automatic identification of negative context in clinical narratives reports. We compare the new algorithm to previous
methods proposed for the same task, and show its advantages: accuracy improvement compared to other machine learning methods,
and much faster than manual knowledge engineering techniques with matching accuracy. The new algorithm can be applied also
to further context identification and information extraction tasks.
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| Lior RokachEmail: |
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Thought experiments (TEs) play a central role in physics. Wesuggest that erroneous TEs may be as important as correct TEs,and that both have a special role in an ongoing process ofconceptual refinement for physicists and for naive physicslearners. We analyze TEs related to stellar evolution andgeneral relativity made by Schwarzschild, Eddington, Landau,and Einstein. We identify the stages at which crucial errorsare done in these TEs, and the cognitive processes which leadto these errors. We argue that necessary conditions for asuccessful TE (i.e., a TE which leads to correct conclusions)are self-consistency and comprehensiveness of the relevantpicture of the world. We show that the TEs by expert physicistsand TEs by students are similar on a metacognitive level, butdifferent in details. Students' erroneous reasoning occur inall stages of a TE, whereas physicists usually make errors inthe first two stages of TEs. Then we bring evidence that Tesare more prone to errors than laboratory experiments. Next wediscuss the implications for naive physics learners, and makesuggestion for using TEs in physics education. 相似文献
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Victor Makarenkov Ido Guy Niva Hazon Tamar Meisels Bracha Shapira Lior Rokach 《Information processing & management》2019,56(5):1880-1893
In the process of online storytelling, individual users create and consume highly diverse content that contains a great deal of implicit beliefs and not plainly expressed narrative. It is hard to manually detect these implicit beliefs, intentions and moral foundations of the writers.We study and investigate two different tasks, each of which reflect the difficulty of detecting an implicit user’s knowledge, intent or belief that may be based on writer’s moral foundation: (1) political perspective detection in news articles (2) identification of informational vs. conversational questions in community question answering (CQA) archives. In both tasks we first describe new interesting annotated datasets and make the datasets publicly available. Second, we compare various classification algorithms, and show the differences in their performance on both tasks. Third, in political perspective detection task we utilize a narrative representation language of local press to identify perspective differences between presumably neutral American and British press. 相似文献
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We present a novel approach to re-ranking a document list that was retrieved in response to a query so as to improve precision
at the very top ranks. The approach is based on utilizing a second list that was retrieved in response to the query by using,
for example, a different retrieval method and/or query representation. In contrast to commonly-used methods for fusion of retrieved lists that rely solely on retrieval scores (ranks) of documents, our approach also exploits inter-document-similarities between the lists—a potentially rich source of additional information. Empirical evaluation shows that our methods are effective
in re-ranking TREC runs; the resultant performance also favorably compares with that of a highly effective fusion method.
Furthermore, we show that our methods can potentially help to tackle a long-standing challenge, namely, integration of document-based
and cluster-based retrieved results. 相似文献
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Lior Hameiri 《Journal of Jewish Education》2018,84(1):56-78
The current field of Israel engagement has been significantly challenged by young North American Jews’ reported alienation from contemporary Israel. Literature in the last decade has addressed this challenge in depth, offering a wide variety of theoretical analyses and recommendations for program development. The present study is the first to thoroughly focus on one of these programs, the young emissaries (shinshinim) program, a joint initiative between the Jewish Agency for Israel and a growing number of Jewish communities around the world. Data were collected in the Greater Toronto Area, out of which the local Jewish Federation operates the largest shinshinim program worldwide. Levels of emotional, behavioral, and cognitive engagement with Israel were assessed in 47 local institutions’ representatives, 84 host families, and 197 high school students in relation to their interaction with shinshinim. Changes in attitudes toward Israel, Jewish tradition, and peoplehood, following their Year of Service, were also assessed in 36 shinshinim. All data were collected using questionnaires developed especially for the purposes of this study. Results show that the shinshinim program has a significant and positive impact on host families’ level of Israel engagement and that the Year of Service has a significant and positive impact on the shinshinim inclination to adopt Jewish traditions and to affiliate themselves with a Jewish Peoplehood. Results also show that the program is positively associated with Israel engagement among students and Jewish institutions’ representatives. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. 相似文献
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