Connecting inside out: Development of the social brain in infants and toddlers with a focus on myelination as a marker of brain maturation     

Nora Schneider  Elizabeth Greenstreet  Sean C. L. Deoni 《Child development》2022,93(2):359-371

Early childhood is a sensitive period for learning and social skill development. The maturation of cerebral regions underlying social processing lays the foundation for later social-emotional competence. This study explored myelin changes in social brain regions and their association with changes in parent-rated social-emotional development in a cohort of 129 children (64 females, 0–36 months, 77 White). Results reveal a steep increase in myelination throughout the social brain in the first 3 years of life that is significantly associated with social-emotional development scores. These findings add knowledge to the emerging picture of social brain development by describing neural underpinnings of human social behavior. They can contribute to identifying age-/stage-appropriate early life factors in this developmental domain.  相似文献   

Does modality matter? A latent profile and transition analysis of sedentary behaviours among school-aged youth: The UP&DOWN study     

David Sánchez-Oliva  Rebecca M. Leech  Alberto Grao-Cruces  Irene Esteban-Cornejo  Carmen Padilla-Moledo  Oscar L. Veiga 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(9):1062-1069

ABSTRACT

The aims of this study were to identify profiles of sedentary behaviour (SB) patterns, based on leisure-time self-reported SB modalities (screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and to evaluate changes in these profiles over 2 years among Spanish youth aged 8–18 years. Latent profile analysis (LPA), a data-driven analytic approach, was used to identify groups of boys and girls (n = 1553; 48% girls; mean±SD age: 12.56 ± 2.49 y) with distinct SB profiles using the SB modalities (time/d) as input variables. Latent transition analysis, an extension of LPA that uses longitudinal data, was used to analyse 2-year changes in these profiles. At baseline, four and three SB profiles were found among boys (labelled: screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and girls (labelled: screen/social, educative, and relaxing), respectively. Overall, more girls (range: 48%-67%) had the same profile over time, than boys (40%-52%). Participants with a screen or relaxing SB profile at baseline were more likely to have an educative profile after 2 years. Youth with a social and an educative SB profile at baseline were more likely to transition to profiles characterized by higher screen and social SB, respectively. Using a novel and person-centered approach, this study identified gender-specific SB profiles that were moderately stable over time.  相似文献   

‘Just stick to the science’ is not enough     

Peterson  Erik L. 《Metascience》2019,28(1):147-150

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Digital Module 16: Longitudinal Data Analysis     

Jeffrey R. Harring  Tessa L. Johnson 《Educational Measurement》2020,39(3):137-138

In this digital ITEMS module, Dr. Jeffrey Harring and Ms. Tessa Johnson introduce the linear mixed effects (LME) model as a flexible general framework for simultaneously modeling continuous repeated measures data with a scientifically defensible function that adequately summarizes both individual change as well as the average response. The module begins with a nontechnical overview of longitudinal data analyses drawing distinctions with cross-sectional analyses in terms of research questions to be addressed. Nuances of longitudinal designs, timing of measurements, and the real possibility of missing data are then discussed. The three interconnected components of the LME model—(1) a model for individual and mean response profiles, (2) a model to characterize the covariation among the time-specific residuals, and (3) a set of models that summarize the extent that individual coefficients vary—are discussed in the context of the set of activities comprising an analysis. Finally, they demonstrate how to estimate the linear mixed effects model within an open-source environment (R). The digital module contains sample R code, diagnostic quiz questions, hands-on activities in R, curated resources, and a glossary.  相似文献   

Barriers to teaching profession for hearing-impaired adults     

R D Moulton  L Roth  J Tao 《American annals of the deaf》1987,132(6):372-375

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间歇性低氧训练对气体代谢影响的实验研究   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

雷志平  叶鸣  蒋明朗  王茂叶 《西安体育学院学报》2001,18(3):35-37

间歇性低氧训练是 90年代初在俄罗斯率先发展的一种新的科学训练方法 ,在运动训练中发挥了积极有效的作用。笔者通过人体实验 ,探讨间歇性低氧训练对气体代谢及运动耐力的影响 ,为该训练方法在我国的推广应用提供必要的理论 ,实践依据。实验结果表明 :间歇性低氧训练可有效提高呼吸系统功能 ,提高气体代谢效率 ,促进运动能力提高 ,是一种科学有效的训练方法  相似文献   

机械设计课程课件制作的相关问题讨论   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

茆琦 《苏州市职业大学学报》2001,12(1):25-27

随着计算机多媒体技术的广泛使用和快速普及，越来越多的多媒体软件被应用到传统的教学实践中，为了提高教学效率和质量，使教学更为直观，透彻，笔参加了机械,设计课件的制作，并已取得一定的进展，本就制作过程中的一些相关问题予在讨论。  相似文献   

Why visual literacy: Consciousness and convention     

Landra L. Rezabek 《TechTrends》2004,49(3):19-20

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Lectures on ventilation     

L.W. Leeds 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1872,94(3):205-209

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浙江省民办学校体育教学若干问题研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

邵伟德  徐金尧  林东富  赵乐平  李坚  刘岩  毛建平 《浙江体育科学》2004,26(2):66-68,71

运用问卷调查法、访谈法对浙江省16所民办学校的体育教学现状进行了调查研究,结果表明:民办学校有较大的教学内容增删权;民办学校在活动场地、器材、经费等方面占有一定的优势;民办学校体育教师已基本转变新课程教学目标的观念;民办学校课外体育活动基本保证了学生1小时以上的活动时间,但仍应提高体育教师的课外活动补助费.  相似文献