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1.
Neuroscientists have believed for a long time that glial cells are supportive elements of the nervous system and have little
role in neuronal function. Despite outnumbering neurons tenfold in the Central Nervous System (CNS), and contributing to more
than half the brain volume, not much attention was paid to these cells. Recently, glial cells have been found to be far more
active participants in CNS function. A set of glial cells, the oligodendrocytes, has attracted attention as their precursors
have been found to be extremely plastic. Though these precursor cells are initially committed to form oligodendrocytes alone,
they can also be induced to form astrocytes and neurons. Such examples of transdetermination are opening up new lines of research
with immense clinical implications. In this part of the series we review some aspects of oligodendrocyte structure and function. 相似文献
2.
E. Margaret Evans Amy N. Spiegel Wendy Gram Brandy N. Frazier Medha Tare Sarah Thompson Judy Diamond 《科学教学研究杂志》2010,47(3):326-353
Museum visitors are an ideal population for assessing the persistence of the conceptual barriers that make it difficult to grasp Darwinian evolutionary theory. In comparison with other members of the public, they are more likely to be interested in natural history, have higher education levels, and be exposed to the relevant content. If museum visitors do not grasp evolutionary principles, it seems unlikely that other members of the general public would do so. In the current study, 32 systematically selected visitors to three Midwest museums of natural history provided detailed open‐ended explanations of biological change in seven diverse organisms. They were not told that these were evolutionary problems. Responses were coded as: informed naturalistic reasoning, featuring some understanding of key evolutionary concepts, novice naturalistic reasoning, featuring intuitive explanations that are also present in childhood, and creationist reasoning, featuring supernatural explanations. All visitors were mixed reasoners, using one or more of these patterns in different permutations across the seven organisms: 72% used a combination of informed naturalistic reasoning and novice naturalistic reasoning, while a further 28% added creationist reasoning to this mix. Correlational analyses indicated that for many visitors these reasoning patterns were coherent rather than fragmented. The theoretical model presented in this article contributes to an analysis of the developmental and cultural factors associated with these patterns. This could help educators working in diverse educational settings understand how to move visitors and students toward more informed reasoning patterns. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47:326–353, 2010 相似文献
3.
Medha Joshi Mumtaz Ali Anwar Midrar Ullah Chandrani Kuruppu 《Health information and libraries journal》2014,31(4):318-324
This is the 12th in a series of articles exploring international trends in health science librarianship. This issue describes developments in health science librarianship in the first decade of the 21st century in South Asia. The three contributors report on challenges facing health science librarians in India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. There is consensus as to the need for education, training and professional development. Starting in the next issue, the focus will turn to Africa, starting with countries in southern Africa. JM 相似文献
4.
Theodor Schwann, the German physiologist who first propounded the cell theory with M Schieiden, had diverse interests. He
was not only the first to isolate the enzyme pepsin, but also investigated muscle contraction and nerve structure. In the
mid nineteenth century Schwann discovered that a sheath made up of myelin covered the axons of neurons in the peripheral nervous
system (PNS). The cells that form the myelin are today called Schwann cells after him. Today, we know that the Schwann cells
not only form the myelin sheath around neurons, but also regulate several neuronal functions and are an indispensable part
of the PNS. 相似文献
5.
Renawi Abdulrahman Alnajjar Fady Parambil Medha Trabelsi Zouheir Gochoo Munkhjargal Khalid Sumaya Mubin Omar 《Education and Information Technologies》2022,27(4):4753-4770
Education and Information Technologies - Monitoring students' attention and engagement levels in classrooms are critical in promoting an interactive teaching process. Therefore, in addition to... 相似文献
6.
Medha Dalal Leanna Archambault Catharyn Shelton 《Journal of Research on Technology in Education》2017,49(3-4):117-133
This mixed-methods study explored the impacts of a semester-long technology professional development for secondary school international teachers from developing nations around the world. We used (a) a survey approach to examine international teachers' perceived technology integration abilities using the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) framework and (b) a design task to understand their rationale behind technology integration decisions. As a group (N = 16), international teachers reported increased abilities in all TPACK domains. Qualitative analysis of their rationales revealed that though teachers learned to consider the affordances of technology, technology access issues were pivotal in their choice and use of technology in instruction planning. With education becoming increasingly global, the study has implications for the motivation and design of technology professional development programs for international teachers. 相似文献
7.
This article examines secondary school teachers’ perceptions of corporal punishment in India. Although it has been banned in Indian schools, various types of corporal punishment are still used by teachers. It has been mainly used as a mechanism for controlling disciplinary problems in schools. Based on a pilot study of 160 secondary teachers, the result of the research reveals that teachers still perceive corporal punishment as an effective method of controlling indiscipline in class. However, some teachers state that corporal punishment is ineffective in deterring students from misbehaving. Corporal punishment is not a good method to maintain discipline. Adopting harsh methods indicates a lack of proper training in managing students in a classroom situation and a poor understanding by the teachers of students’ mental states. An awareness program for secondary school teachers about the effects of corporal punishment on children is needed. The solution is proper training for teachers and student-teachers in the use of counseling to manage behavioral problem. Also full-time counselors can be appointed in schools. 相似文献
8.
9.
Carl Ludwig Schleich (1859–1922) was an anaesthetist and a surgeon who for the first time emphasized the role of neuroglia
in brain function. In an era that was dominated by the idea that neurons alone were functional units of the nervous system
and that glial cells were a mere glue holding neurons in place, Schleich insisted that glia had a prominent functional role
to play. He suggested that interactions between neurons and glia were so strong that it is necessary to consider brain as
a neuron-glia system whose performance is dependent on both the cell types. Today Carl Ludwig Schleich is considered the forgotten
ancestor to a new breed of neurobiologists, the gliologists, who specialize in working on these neglected cells of the nervous
system. Though outnumbering the neurons and occupying almost half the volume of the brain, glial cells have been given little
importance in textbooks of neurobiology and are very often cursorily mentioned in discussions related to brain function. Glial
cells deserve a better deal, for over the years a lot of evidence has accumulated to prove that they perform a wide spectrum
of functions. This is the first of a series of articles that aims to update students on what is known about glia today. It
provides an overview of the various types of glia and their origins. The following articles will deal with each of the glial
sub-types and their functions. 相似文献
10.
Medha Rajappa Binita Goswami A. Balasubramanian Baidarbhi Chakraborty S. Kumar 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2015,30(3):281-285
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a global epidemic currently. This study was planned to evaluate markers of inflammation and hemostasis and their possible association, if any, in patients with CAD. The study was carried out in 60 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 60 age and gender matched controls. The following parameters were assayed in all study subjects-inflammatory-interleukin (IL)-10, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, fibrinogen; hemostatic-fibrinogen, fibrin D-dimer and a novel risk factor—homocysteine. Inflammatory markers (hs-CRP, TNF-α and IL-10), fibrinogen, fibrin D-dimer and homocysteine levels were significantly higher in the patients with AMI, as compared with controls. A positive correlation was observed between D-dimer and the inflammatory markers—hs-CRP and TNF-α. Upon multivariate analysis, TNF-α emerged as the best determinant of CAD in our study. Our results indicate that there is a possible interplay of inflammation and hemostasis in CAD, underlining their synergistic role in the pathogenesis of CAD. 相似文献