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A random sample of 1192 children aged 8–12 years living in Calicut District, Kerala, South India, underwent testing with the Malayalam Graded Reading Test as part of an epidemiological study of neuropsychiatric disorders. The prevalence of reading difficulty was 8.2% and it was associated with younger age, male sex, poverty, less‐educated parents, psychiatric disturbance, school failure, poor school attendance, physical ill‐health, poor motor co‐ordination and impaired vocabulary and visuo‐spatial reasoning. The findings support a multifactorial causal model of reading difficulties in this child population. 相似文献
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Jerome M. Shaw Edward G. Lyon Trish Stoddart Eduardo Mosqueda Preetha Menon 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2014,25(5):621-643
This paper present findings from a pre-service teacher development project that prepared novice teachers to promote English language and literacy development with inquiry-based science through a modified elementary science methods course and professional development for cooperating teachers. To study the project’s impact on student learning, we administered a pre and post assessment to students (N = 191) of nine first year elementary teachers (grades 3 through 6) who experienced the intervention and who taught a common science unit. Preliminary results indicate that (1) student learning improved across all categories (science concepts, writing, and vocabulary)—although the effect varied by category, and (2) English Language Learner (ELL) learning gains were on par with non-ELLs, with differences across proficiency levels for vocabulary gain scores. These results warrant further analyses to understand the extent to which the intervention improved teacher practice and student learning. This study confirms the findings of previous research that the integration of science language and literacy practices can improve ELL achievement in science concepts, writing and vocabulary. In addition, the study indicates that it is possible to begin to link the practices taught in pre-service teacher preparation to novice teacher practice and student learning outcomes. 相似文献
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Meena Verma Sangeeta Paneri Preetha Badi P. G. Raman 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2006,21(1):142-146
Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is the most rapidly growing chronic metabolic disorder in the world. With
advancement in the age and duration of diabetes there is a gradual tendency for the level of blood sugar to rise along with
a subsequent increase in the HbA1c as well as in the fasting insulin level. Whether this is an aging process or increased
frequency of diabetes is still controversial. The correlation between glucose and insulin sensitivity is consistent with the
idea that the degree of chronic hyperglycemia is a cause of excessive insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes, i.e. the insulin
resistance which characterizes type 2 diabetes but not nondiabetic subjects matched for age, gender, family history and duration
of diabetes. The study comprised a total of 76 subjects out of which 30 were normal, non-diabetic persons and the rest 46
were diabetics with different duration of time in years, after being diagnosed diabetic. Data was analyzed after dividing
the subjects into four groups—Group 1 comprised of one year old diabetics, Group 2 was made up of those, who had diabetes,
for the past 2–5 years, Group 3 included patients who were diabetic since more than 5 years and Group 4 included non-diabetics
as the normal control group. The results obtained indicated that the HbA1c levels showed a significant increase with the duration
of diabetes as well as the insulin level showed a significant correlation after adjustment for age, sex and duration of diabetes. 相似文献
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This paper presents a multi objective differential evolution (MODE) based voltage security enhancement through combined preventive-corrective control strategy. Load shedding, generation rescheduling and optimal utilization of FACTS devices are considered for security enhancement. Maximum l-index of load buses is taken as the indicator of voltage stability. Minimization of cost of FACTS devices, minimization of amount of load shedding along with improvement in voltage stability are the objectives of this multi objective optimization problem. The optimal location of FACTS devices are selected using modal analysis technique. The buses for load shedding are selected based on the minimum eigen value of load flow Jacobian. The proposed MODE algorithm employs DE/randSF/1/bin strategy scheme with self tuned parameter which employs binomial crossover and difference vector based mutation. A fuzzy based decision making algorithm is employed to get the best compromise solution from the non dominated solutions. The proposed MODE is also tested with statistical performance metrices. The proposed methodology is implemented on IEEE 30 bus and IEEE 57 bus test systems. The proposed MODE method provides better solutions in the pareto optimal front than the other optimization techniques such as MOGA and NSGA II under combined preventive–corrective control approach. In IEEE 30 bus system, the amount of load shedding is reduced by 40% and voltage stability is improved by 15% and in IEEE 57 bus system, the amount of load shedding is reduced by 15.4% and voltage stability is improved by 13% by the proposed approach. Hence the simulation results show that the proposed approach provides considerable reduction in the amount of load shedding and enhancement of voltage stability by including generation rescheduling and utilization of FACTS devices. 相似文献
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