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Tamara van Gog K. Anders Ericsson Remy M. J. P. Rikers Fred Paas 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2005,53(3):73-81
Cognitive load theory (CLT) has been successful in identifying instructional formats that are more effective and efficient
than conventional problem solving in the initial, novice phase of skill acquisition. However, recent findings regarding the
“expertise reversal effect” have begun to stimulate cognitive load theorists to broaden their horizon to the question of how
instructional design should be altered as a learner's knowledge increases. To answer this question, it is important to understand
how expertise is acquired and what fosters its development. Expert performance research, and, in particular, the theoretical
framework of deliberate practice have given us a better understanding of the principles and activities that are essential
in order to excel in a domain. This article explores how these activities and principles can be used to design instructional
formats based on CLT for higher levels of skills mastery. The value of these formats for e-learning environments in which
learning tasks can be adaptively selected on the basis of online assessments of the learner's level of expertise is discussed.
In their preparation of this article, the first and last authors were supported by an Internationalization grant from the
Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, The Hague, project number 411-01-010). 相似文献
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Although the importance of high motivation to engage in deliberate practice has been acknowledged, no research has directly tested this hypothesis. Therefore, the present study examined this relation in adolescent elite chess players by means of a questionnaire. In addition, to provide an explanation for dropout among promising chess players, differences in motivation between persistent and dropout chess players were analyzed. Competitiveness and the will to excel proved to be predictors of investments in deliberate practice. Moreover, achievement motivation and chess-specific motivation differed to a certain extent between persisters and dropouts. Our results suggest that motivation to engage in deliberate practice not only contains elements of the will to improve performance, but also of the will to attain exceptional levels of performance. 相似文献
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In 2016, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Library piloted a cyclical review process for five academic departments. The goal was to go beyond the traditional library portion of a department’s accreditation/program review and holistically assess electronic resources for these departments and provide recommendations for changes when necessary. This article describes the need for this kind of review, the process used to review Engineering and Computer Science resources, suggestions and decisions made as a result of the review, reflections on the experience, and hopes for the future. 相似文献
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Anique B.H. De Bruin Margaretha W.J. Van De Wiel Remy M.J.P. Rikers Henk G. Schmidt 《Higher Education》2005,49(4):547-547
Author Index
Author Index 相似文献7.
The present study investigated relationships between students’ conceptions of constructivist learning on the one hand, and their regulation and processing strategies on the other hand. Students in a constructivist, problem-based learning curriculum were questioned about their conceptions of knowledge construction and self-regulated learning, as well as their beliefs regarding their own (in)ability to learn and motivation to learn. Two hypothesized models were tested within 98 psychology students, using a structural equation modelling approach: The first model implemented regulation and processing variables of the Inventory of Learning Styles [ILS, Vermunt (Learning styles and regulation of learning in higher education – towards process-oriented instruction in autonomous thinking, 1992)], the second model of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire [MSLQ, Pintrich and de Groot (Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 33–40, 1990)]. Results showed that structural relations exist between conceptions of constructivist learning and regulation and processing strategies. Furthermore, students who express doubt with regard to their own learning capacities are at risk for adopting an inadequate regulation strategy. A three-tiered structure of conceptual, controlling, and operational level appeared valid for the MSLQ variables, but not entirely for those of the ILS. 相似文献
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Schwarzer G 《Child development》2000,71(2):391-401
The present experiment examined the degree to which analytic and holistic modes of processing play a role in the way children and adults categorize upright and inverted faces. Seven-year-old children (n = 38), 10-year-old children (n = 40), and adults (n = 55) were instructed to classify upright and inverted faces into two categories. The construction of the categories allowed participants to categorize the faces either analytically (by focusing on a single attribute) or holistically (in terms of overall similarity). The results show both a developmental trend from analytic to holistic processing and an effect of face inversion with increasing age. Thus, it appears that 7-year-old children process upright and inverted faces in a way comparable to their processing of nonfacial visual stimuli, namely analytically, whereas a growing proportion of 10-year-olds and adults process only upright faces holistically by adopting a specific mode of face processing. 相似文献