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Science education in the United States will increasingly be driven by testing and accountability requirements, such as those mandated by the No Child Left Behind Act, which rely heavily on learning outcomes, or "standards," that are currently developed on a state-by-state basis. Those standards, in turn, drive curriculum and instruction. Given the importance of standards to teaching and learning, we investigated the quality of life sciences/biology standards with respect to genetics for all 50 states and the District of Columbia, using core concepts developed by the American Society of Human Genetics as normative benchmarks. Our results indicate that the states' genetics standards, in general, are poor, with more than 85% of the states receiving overall scores of Inadequate. In particular, the standards in virtually every state have failed to keep pace with changes in the discipline as it has become genomic in scope, omitting concepts related to genetic complexity, the importance of environment to phenotypic variation, differential gene expression, and the differences between inherited and somatic genetic disease. Clearer, more comprehensive genetics standards are likely to benefit genetics instruction and learning, help prepare future genetics researchers, and contribute to the genetic literacy of the U.S. citizenry. 相似文献
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John L. Solow 《Journal of Cultural Economics》1998,22(4):209-226
The droit de suite, or resale royalty right, entitles an artist to a percentage of either the price received when her works are resold by their owners. This paper analyzes the effect of this law on the artist's production when early and late works are either substitutes or complements. By giving the artist an interest in the resale price of early works, the royalty provides a credible incentive to maintain value when later production decisions are made. Since the initial sales price capitalizes the stream of future values, the benefit of higher resale prices accrues to the artist. 相似文献
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Lennon．L．Luo 《中学生博览》2012,(11):20-21
春天总是过得异常快，刚下过几场雨。就已经快三月了。雨还在吧嗒吧嗒地下着，不过再也不用叫醒木木了。毕竟快高考了，谁还会再在课堂上睡觉呢？木木，也许再陪你听过几场雨，就会到那个绵长绵长的六月了吧？ 相似文献
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