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1.
The aim of this study is to provide information on the purposes, structure and operation of the process of supervision in the Turkish educational system. In this paper, the historical development of supervision services in the Turkish educational system, as well as the purposes and principles of educational supervision in Turkey and the structure of supervision in the Turkish educational system are defined. Moreover, the organization of sub-systems of the Ministry of National Education and that of supervision at elementary schools, hiring supervisors, their training, duties and responsibilities as well as working principles are presented. In addition, a detailed analysis of the supervision of institutions and teachers by supervisors is included.  相似文献   
2.
Phillip Cam recently published a study on the separation between the teaching and learning of classic school curriculum (CSC) on the one hand and morality on the other. He suggests an approach to integrate them. The goal of this article was to suggest a complementary alternative approach, to Cam’s. Based on a MacIntyrean paradigm, I argue that seeing the CSC (such as math, biology, literature and history) as ‘practices’ would also enable that integration. This approach differs from the one proposed by Cam, since it preserves the structure of the CSC. Nevertheless, I will demonstrate how this approach leads to a number of changes in the formation, teaching and learning of school curriculum. As background, I will briefly describe R.S. Peters’ attempt to find an internal justification for the teaching and learning of school curriculum and point to some weaknesses it contains. My proposal can be understood as deriving from the same principle, of another famous educational initiative, Mortimer Adler’s ‘Great Book Project’. Toward the end of the article, I will demonstrate why Adler’s project differs from mine, and why it does not meet the goal of integrating learning school curriculum with moral education.  相似文献   
3.
Speaking about ‘the student experience’ has become common-place in higher education and the phrase has acquired the aura of a sacred utterance in UK higher education policy over the last decade. A critical discourse analysis of selected higher education policy texts reveals what ‘the student experience’ has come to signify, and how it structures relations between students and academics, institutions and academics, and higher education institutions and government. ‘The student experience’ homogenises students and deprives them of agency at the same time as apparently giving them ‘voice’. This paper examines the dominance and sacralisation of the discourse of ‘the student experience’ and questions its positioning as a means of discriminating between the value of different experiences of education.  相似文献   
4.
This paper is concerned with the problem of robust synchronization of a class of complex dynamical networks with time-varying delays and reaction–diffusion terms. To reflect most of the dynamical behaviors of the system, the parameter uncertainties are considered. A sampled-data controller with m stochastically varying sampling periods whose occurrence probabilities are given constants is considered. The control objective is that the trajectories of the system by designing suitable control schemes track the trajectories of the system with sample-data control. It is shown that, through Lyapunov stability theory, the proposed sample-data controllers are successful in ensuring the achievement of robust synchronization of complex dynamical networks even in the case of uncertainity and Markovian jumping parameters. By utilizing the Lyapunov functional method, Jensen’s inequality, Wirtinger’s inequality and lower bounds theorem, we establish a sufficient criterion such that, for all admissible parameter uncertainties, the complex dynamical network is robustly synchronized. The derived criteria are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities that can be easily checked by using the standard numerical software. Illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed results.  相似文献   
5.
Partnership is a two-way enterprise which becomes meaningful when the partners at different levels are fully engaged in mutual cooperation, aiming at promoting both trainees’ and educators’ professional growth. This case study, qualitative in nature, was conducted with administrators, educators, and trainees to examine the collaboration dimension of the multi-layer processes of the EDUC420-Internship regarding its organizational and communication aspects. The data, analyzed through categorization of codes, revealed striking limitations inhibiting the collaboration dimension of the internship and suggested its reconceptualization around a formalized give-and-take mechanism to cultivate reciprocal communication among the ministry, the university and the schools.  相似文献   
6.
Respect means consideration of actions and requests of others and confirmation of values of others. School is a social institution where students are equipped with knowledge and skills, as well as fundamental character attributes. Respect among students, teachers, administrators, parents, and other staff at schools is of importance. In this study, the focus group method, including 12 principals and 10 teachers at state primary schools, was employed to explore respect in principal–teacher relations. According to the findings, the participants generally developed professional respect understanding. The teachers presented different definitions of respect associated with hierarchical relations. The participants’ respect behaviors were commonly observed in positive communication and self-improvement. The principals displayed respect for teachers through some guarding behaviors, and the teachers displayed profession-related respect behaviors. The common respect expectations of the participants were as follows: self-improvement, establishment of positive social relations, and unbiased behavior. While the school principals expected obedience and complete fulfillment of assigned tasks from teachers, the teachers expected civility, justice, and guarding administration from principals. The participants regarded improper appearance, behaviors contradictory to rules of good manners and bad habits as disrespectfulness. The school principals regarded abuse of goodwill and false excuses by teachers as disrespectfulness; whereas the teachers regarded oral or behavioral insults by school principals and intervention in their private life as disrespectfulness.  相似文献   
7.
This paper investigates the problem for stability of neutral-type dynamical neural networks involving delay parameters. Different form the previously reported results, the states of the neurons involve multiple delays and time derivative of states of neurons include discrete time delays. The stability of such neural systems has not been given much attention in the past literature due to the difficulty of finding Lyapunov functionals which are suitable for stability analysis of this type of neural networks. This paper constructs a generalized Lyapunov functional by introducing new terms into the well-known Lyapunov functional that enables us to conduct a theoretical investigation into stability analysis of delayed neutral-type neural systems. Based on this modified novel Lyapunov functional, sufficient criteria are derived, which guarantee the existence, uniqueness and global asymptotic stability of the equilibrium point of the neutral-type neural networks with multiple delays in the states and discrete delays in the time derivative of the states. The applicability of the proposed stability conditions rely on testing two basic matrix properties. The constraints impose on the system matrices are determined by using nonsingular M-matrix condition, and the constraints imposed on the coefficients of the time derivative of the delayed state variables are derived by exploiting the vector-matrix norms. We also note that the obtained stability conditions have no involvement with the delay parameters and expressed in terms of nonlinear Lipschitz activation functions. We present a constructive numerical example for this class of neural networks to give a systematic procedure for determining the imposed conditions on the whole system parameters of the delayed neutral-type neural systems.  相似文献   
8.
In this phenomenological study, the authors interviewed 4 African American male counselor educators about their social justice efforts. Resulting themes were lifelong commitment to social justice, reaction to resistance, professional and personal support, and the meaning of social justice work. Findings suggest that social justice work can increase professional resilience for African American male counselor educators.  相似文献   
9.
This paper deals with the problem of the global robust asymptotic stability of the class of dynamical neural networks with multiple time delays. We propose a new alternative sufficient condition for the existence, uniqueness and global asymptotic stability of the equilibrium point under parameter uncertainties of the neural system. We first prove the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium point by using the Homomorphic mapping theorem. Then, by employing a new Lyapunov functional, the Lyapunov stability theorem is used to establish the sufficient condition for the asymptotic stability of the equilibrium point. The obtained condition is independent of time delays and relies on the network parameters of the neural system only. Therefore, the equilibrium and stability properties of the delayed neural network can be easily checked. We also make a detailed comparison between our result and the previous corresponding results derived in the previous literature. This comparison proves that our result is new and improves some of the previously reported robust stability results. Some illustrative numerical examples are given to show the applicability and advantages of our result.  相似文献   
10.
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