Pupil Speech during Morning News: the effects of reducing teacher questions and increasing pauses and praise     

Dennis W. Moore  Tony Knott  Stuart McNaughton 《教育心理学》1989,9(4):311-320

Classroom discourse patterns were examined in the morning news sessions of a primary school classroom. The effects of reducing teacher questions and increasing rates of teacher pauses, praise and directives were investigated. Child words spoken and child expansions were recorded, as well as class call‐outs and teacher control statements. Frequencies of child words spoken showed no significant changes across the phases of the study. However, reducing teacher questions and increasing teacher pauses significantly decreased child expansions, while reducing teacher questions and increasing teacher praise significantly increased child expansions. Replacing teacher questions with directives had no significant effect upon child expansions. Class call‐outs and teacher control statements showed no significant changes across the intervention phases. The results of this study suggest that, for this teacher and class, teacher questions may be decreased without adversely affecting either child utterances or class behaviour, and that replacing questions with praise may increase children's contributions — particularly in the form of verbal expansions — to morning news talks.  相似文献   

Phosphate loading and the effects on VO2max in trained cyclists     

I Stewart  L McNaughton  P Davies  S Tristram 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1990,61(1):80-84

It is known that an increased level of red blood cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) shifts the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right, thus allowing a greater unloading of oxygen at the tissue level. It has been hypothesized that phosphate might help increase VO2max by increasing 2,3-DPG level. Eight trained cyclists underwent three cycle ergometer tests (control, placebo, and experimental) to determine whether phosphate ingestion had any positive effect on VO2max, time to exhaustion, serum 2,3-DPG, and serum phosphate levels. We found no change between the control, placebo, or experimental conditions in pretest serum phosphate levels, but we did find increases in 2,3-DPG levels in the phosphate condition (p less than .05), which suggests that even a small amount of phosphate could increase levels of 2,3-DPG. We also found significant differences in VO2max between the control (p less than .05) and placebo (p less than .02) conditions and also in time to exhaustion between the three conditions (p less than .05). We suggest that phosphate may have an ergogenic effect, but clearly more work needs to be undertaken to ascertain the amount of phosphate required and the magnitude of the effect.  相似文献   

Reading the mass violence in Indonesia 1965–1966 as a form of primitive accumulation     

Colm McNaughton 《Inter-Asia Cultural Studies》2013,14(2):292-305

Abstract

A human rights perspective is compromised in its ability to understand and respond to the mass violence that took place in Indonesia, largely against members and supporters of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) from 1965–1966. In “Indonesia's Original Sin: Mass Killings and Capitalist Expansion, 1965–66,” Hilmar Farid makes the point that a human rights standpoint is limited when capital or its various actors, are involved in propagating and/or perpetrating mass violence. In starting to fashion an alternative reading, Farid proposes Marx's notion of primitive accumulation. While Farid's position is suggestive, I contend that his analysis is marred by a number of theoretical weaknesses, which I attempt to sublate in this article. As such, I will offer an alternative reading of primitive accumulation perceived through a multi-dimensional local/global dialectic.  相似文献   

Economic returns to education: What We Know, What We Don’t Know, and Where We Are Going—Some brief pointers     

Matt Dickson  Colm Harmon 《Economics of Education Review》2011,30(6):1118-1122

The estimation of the economic return to education has perhaps been one of the predominant areas of analysis in applied economics for over 50 years. In this short note we consider some of the recent directions taken by the literature, and also some of the blockages faced by both science and policymakers in pushing forward some key issues. This serves by way of introduction to a set of papers for a special issue of the Economics of Education Review.  相似文献   

大学里的德里达     

科尔姆·凯利  吴万伟 《复旦教育论坛》2013,11(1):10-17

本文解读了德里达对康德和席勒论现代大学起源的著作的阐述,表明那些试图监督和掌控当代大学的理论立场本身也不知不觉地遭到了解构和颠覆.接着,文章考察了当今两个把文科当作现代大学守卫者和监督者的例子.两者都成为德里达辨别出来的解构置换类型的牺牲品.文章还讨论了德里达本人对现代法国大学的制度性干预背后的不同理由.该讨论引向本文的结论,即我们应该像为社会科学和自然科学的纯粹研究辩护一样为人文科学中的纯粹研究辩护,但不应该把经典文科提升到享受特权的优越地位.  相似文献   

The effect of beetroot juice supplementation on repeat-sprint performance in hypoxia     

Georgina L. Kent  Brian Dawson  Lars R. McNaughton  Gregory R. Cox  Louise M. Burke  Peter Peeling 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(3):339-346

This investigation assessed the effect of dietary nitrate (NO₃^?) supplementation, in the form of beetroot juice (BR), on repeat-sprint performance in normoxia and normobaric hypoxia. 12 male team-sport athletes (age 22.3 ± 2.6 y, VO_2peak 53.1 ± 8.7 mL.kg^?1.min^?1) completed three exercise trials involving a 10 min submaximal warm-up and 4 sets of cycling repeat-sprint efforts (RSE; 9 × 4 s) at sea level (CON), or at 3000 m simulated altitude following acute supplementation (140 mL) with BR (HYP_BR; 13 mmol NO₃^?) or NO₃^–depleted BR placebo (HYP_PLA). Peak (PPO) and mean (MPO) power output, plus work decrement were recorded during the RSE task, while oxygen consumption (VO₂) was measured during the warm-up. There were no significant differences observed between HYP_BR and HYP_PLA for PPO or MPO; however, work decrement was reduced in the first RSE set in HYP_BR compared with HYP_PLA. There was a moderate effect for VO₂ to be lower following BR at the end of the 10 min warm-up (ES = 0.50 ± 0.51). Dietary NO₃^? may not improve repeat-sprint performance in hypoxia but may reduce VO₂ during submaximal exercise. Therefore, BR supplementation may be more effective for performance improvement during predominantly aerobic exercise.  相似文献   

A History of Errors in the Analysis of Oral Reading Behaviour     

Stuart McNaughton 《教育心理学》1988,8(1-2):21-30

Abstract Behavioural analyses of oral reading behaviour have ascribed different functions to errors and the correction of errors. Two positions are discussed. One is the legacy of Skinner which views errors as problematic and which advocates near error‐less learning. The other position views errors and potential errors as providing opportunities for self regulation and enhanced feedback. On the basis of recent research this paper argues that errors can have generative and inhibiting effects on oral reading, depending on the instructional context and the literacy goals of the classroom.  相似文献   

From preschool to home: processes of generalisation in language acquisition from an indigenous language recovery programme     

Arapera Royal Tangaere  Stuart McNaughton 《International Journal of Early Years Education》2003,2(1):23-40

Processes of generalising bilingual expertise from Te Kohanga Reo (an indigenous preschool for the revitalisation of Maori language) to home are analysed. Observations at the preschool and home settings revealed several features. The active and strategic role of the child in transferring expertise was evident. So too were the presence of complementary activities at home, sensitive responding to generalised language and shared cultural commitments. These processes were present in a range of activities. The results are discussed in terms of theoretical approaches to generalisation and the effectiveness of indigenous language intervention programmes.  相似文献   

‘Sweet analytics’: Athleticism and Elementary-School Football Associations     

Colm Kerrigan 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(18):2500-2531

J.A. Mangan and Colm Hickey, in articles in 1999 and 2008, argued that the motivation of teachers promoting elementary-school football in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was mainly athleticism. In 2000, 2005 and 2009, I expressed my reservations about their claims. Most recently, articles by Gerry P.T. Finn in Soccer & Society in 2010 and by Hickey and Finn separately in the International Journal of the History of Sport in 2011 have argued against my reservations and offered what they consider further evidence for athleticism in elementary-school football. In response, the present article examines the evidence for the claims of athleticism in elementary-school football and concludes that it was only through failing to engage with the vast majority of sources of this kind of football, in particular the records of Schoolboy Football Associations and the sporting and local press, that the claims of Mangan, Hickey and Finn for the extent of the influence of athleticism in elementary-school football could be sustained.  相似文献   

Curriculum as an instrument of change with particular reference to the social sciences     

A. H. McNaughton 《Interchange》1970,1(4):61-69

The social science curriculum of the future must prepare students to face rapidly changing circumstances in their world. The home and church seem to be unable to deal with those changes that are leading to a deterioration in human relationships and moral standards. The school seems to have the greatest potential for meeting the challenge and it is argued here that the most suitable setting in the school is the classroom with a wide range of ability and racial groups in it. The methodological principles stemming from the Taba Curriculum in Social Studies, supplemented and refined by those of Piaget and Kohlberg, offer possibilities for effecting positive social changes to meet the moral crisis at present facing Western society.

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Résumé Dans le futur, le programme d'études des sciences sociales devra préparer les élèves à faire face aux changements rapides de leur monde. La maison et l'église semblent incapables de s'occuper des transformations qui mènent à la déterioration des relations humaines et des valeurs morales. Il semble que l'école a le plus grand potentiel pour faire face à ce défi et l'auteur soutient que le meilleur milieu dans l'école c'est la salle de classe composée d'élèves qui ont des aptitudes variées et qui viennent de différents groupes raciaux. Les principles méthodologiques qui dérivent du programme scolaire dans les ciences sociales de Taba, augmenté de ceux de Piaget et Kohlberg, offrent des possibilités d'effectuer des changements sociaux positifs afin de faire face à la crise morale qui confronte à présent la société occidentale.

  相似文献