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Vanessa Carvalho dos Santos Leyla Mariane Joaquim Charbel Ni?o El-Hani 《Science & Education》2012,21(4):543-578
A major source of difficulties in promoting students’ understanding of genetics lies in the presentation of gene concepts
and models in an inconsistent and largely ahistorical manner, merely amalgamated in hybrid views, as if they constituted linear
developments, instead of being built for different purposes and employed in specific contexts. In this paper, we report the
results of a study about how textbooks can provide the grounds for the students’ construction of such hybrid views about genes.
These views are a key problem in genetics teaching, because they make it more difficult that students properly understand
this central biological concept and strengthen genetic deterministic ideas, which characterize a widespread discourse about
genes in the public opinion. We analyzed 18 textbooks using categorical content analysis, employing categories derived from
the literature addressing the historical development of gene models and concepts. Our findings indicate that the analyzed
textbooks do convey hybrid views about genes, with no correspondence to scientific models related to this biological concept.
These views reinforce genetic deterministic discourses and may lead students to serious misunderstandings about the nature
of genes and their role in living systems, with consequences to future learning about genetics. 相似文献
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JE Swain S Konrath SL Brown ED Finegood LB Akce CJ Dayton SS Ho 《Parenting, science and practice》2012,12(2-3):115-123
Interpersonal relationships constitute the foundation on which human society is based. The infant-caregiver bond is the earliest and most influential of these relationships. Driven by evolutionary pressure for survival, parents feel compelled to provide care to their biological offspring. However, compassion for non-kin is also ubiquitous in human societies, motivating individuals to suppress their own self-interests to promote the well-being of non-kin members of the society. We argue that the process of early kinship-selective parental care provides the foundation for non-exclusive altruism via the activation of a general Caregiving System that regulates compassion in any of its forms. We propose a tripartite structure of this system that includes (1) the perception of need in another, (2) a caring motivational or feeling state, and (3) the delivery of a helping response to the individual in need. Findings from human and animal research point to specific neurobiological mechanisms including activation of the insula and the secretion of oxytocin that support the adaptive functioning of this Caregiving System. 相似文献
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Niklas M. Gericke Mariana Hagberg Vanessa Carvalho dos Santos Leyla Mariane Joaquim Charbel N. El-Hani 《Science & Education》2014,23(2):381-416
The aim of this paper is to investigate in a systematic and comparative way previous results of independent studies on the treatment of genes and gene function in high school textbooks from six different countries. We analyze how the conceptual variation within the scientific domain of Genetics regarding gene function models and gene concepts is transformed via the didactic transposition into school science textbooks. The results indicate that a common textbook discourse on genes and their function exist in textbooks from the different countries. The structure of science as represented by conceptual variation and the use of multiple models was present in all the textbooks. However, the existence of conceptual variation and multiple models is implicit in these textbooks, i.e., the phenomenon of conceptual variation and multiple models are not addressed explicitly, nor its consequences and, thus, it ends up introducing conceptual incoherence about the gene concept and its function within the textbooks. We conclude that within the found textbook-discourse ontological aspects of the academic disciplines of genetics and molecular biology were retained, but without their epistemological underpinnings; these are lost in the didactic transposition. These results are of interest since students might have problems reconstructing the correct scientific understanding from the transformed school science knowledge as depicted within the high school textbooks. Implications for textbook writing as well as teaching are discussed in the paper. 相似文献
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Leyla Küçükahmet 《欧洲师范教育杂志》1986,9(1):33-36
The author provides here an introductory overview of the teacher education system of Turkey. Despite integration at university level of all forms of teacher training, programmes remain differentiated.
Although each training institution has a degree of autonomy, certain unifying principles are followed, and these are described. There is an overall balance between the different components of the training programmes, and this may leave scope for debate. 相似文献
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Amir H. Asghari Leyla G. Khosroshahi 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2017,15(8):1559-1577
The purpose of this paper is to propose an operational idea for developing algebraic thinking in the absence of alphanumeric symbols. The paper reports on a design experiment encouraging preschool children to use the associative property algebraically. We describe the theoretical basis of the design, the tasks used, and examples of algebraic thinking in 5–6-year-old children. Theoretically, the paper makes a critical distinction between operational and structural meanings of the notion of equality. We argue that mathematical thinking involving equality among young learners can comprise both an operational and a structural conception and that the operational conception has a side that is productively linked to the structural conception. Using carefully designed hands-on tasks, the crux of the paper is the realization of algebraic thinking (in verbal mathematics) as operationally experienced in the ability to transform one number structure, with a quantity that is subject to change, into another through equality-preserving transformations. 相似文献
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Rusen Yamacli Aysegul Ozen Leyla Yekdane Tokman 《The International Journal of Art & Design Education》2005,24(3):308-314
In architectural design education, the main objective is to help students, especially first‐year students, improve their design ideas, creativity, perception of three dimensions and ways of expressing them. Thus, as an embedded concept in architecture, art has been emphasized here as a design method. In other words, the necessary help to enable students to think more freely has been provided by ceramic art. The concept dealt with in this article is an interdisciplinary approach to space design as an experimental method in design education. Just as fine art students are inspired from the principles of architecture, clay, as basic material to fine art students, makes a creative material and design tool for architecture students. A workshop was organised in the design courses by the first author, the instructor, for the first‐ and third‐year architecture students. The second author, a ceramics artist and lecturer, has participated in the workshop as a visiting instructor and contributed with her own studies related to space, house, building and materials. 相似文献
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While Turkey is mostly a Muslim country, officially it is a secular country; traditional gender roles are still maintained, and homosexuality is a taboo subject. The Turkish sporting world is no exception; it also excludes and ignores the existence of homosexuals and homosexuality. Using a single case study, this study aimed to contribute to fill the gap in the understudied subject of homosexuality in physical education (PE) and sports literature through investigating the experiences of a gay male Turkish PE and sports major. The respondent was aged 25 and a fourth-year undergraduate student at the time. Purposive sampling was used to select the respondent based on his willingness to participate in the study and a semi-structured interview allowed for data to be collected regarding being gay in Turkey, and in particular in the PE and sports environment. The four major themes derived from the analysed interview data were (1) conflicting feelings about coming out of the closet, (2) life in the Turkish community, (3) life in a PE and sports department and (4) perceived roots of homophobia. The findings indicated that the respondent's disclosure of his sexual orientation to friends resulted in positive reactions; however, he still hesitates to acknowledge his homosexuality publicly. Traditional gender roles, misconceptions about homosexuality and homosexuals and religion were perceived as the most influential factors for homophobic attitudes and behaviour in Turkish society. His experiences in Turkey's world of PE and sports were rife with homophobia. 相似文献
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Fred M. Ssewamala Julia Shu-Huah Wang Leyla Karimli Proscovia Nabunya 《International Journal of Educational Development》2011
This paper is divided into three complementary parts. First, we examine the challenges to the Universal Primary Education (UPE) policy in Uganda, including insufficient instructional materials and family-level poverty. Second, guided by asset theory, and based on a systematic review of studies on asset-based development programs and interventions, we assess the potential of these programs in addressing the challenges of UPE, and improving access to UPE. Third, we conclude with a discussion of the implication of using asset-based development as one structural-level approach that may strengthen the UPE policy. 相似文献